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Football in Turkey

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Football in Turkey
Atatürk Olympic Stadium has a capacity of 74,753 spectators.
CountryTurkey
Governing bodyTFF
National teamTurkey
First played1898; 127 years ago (1898)
National competitions
International competitions
Rams Park is home stadium of clubGalatasaray.

Football is the most popular sport inTurkey, followed by basketball, tracing its roots to theOttoman Empire.[1] Approximately three-quarters of the Turkish people are interested in football.[2]

The first matches were played in OttomanSalonica in 1875. The sport was introduced byEnglish residents.[3] TheTurkish football league system comprises five professional leagues, one of which is dedicated to female athletes.

History

[edit]
Further information:History of Turkish football

League system

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Main article:Turkish football league system

Süper Lig

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Main article:Süper Lig

TheSüper Lig (Super League) is the top division in Turkey since 1959. There are 18 clubs in the league (as of 2025–26 season). The league ushered in clubs from all over Turkey to compete with each other. Currently, clubs finishing in the top four places in the league enter qualifying rounds of European competitions, and the winners of theTurkish Cup, if not one of the top four, are also given a spot. Each season, the four teams with the least points are relegated to theTFF First League. A total of 75 clubs have competed in the Süper Lig, but only six clubs have been champions so far:Galatasaray,Fenerbahçe,Beşiktaş,Trabzonspor,Başakşehir andBursaspor. Galatasaray has won the most Süper Lig trophies with 25 trophies (the club has also won moreTurkish Cups andTurkish Super Cups than any other team).

The most popularSüper Lig clubs on X as of 6 May 2025:

#Football clubCityFollowers
1GalatasarayIstanbul16.2 million
2FenerbahçeIstanbul13.7 million
3BeşiktaşIstanbul6.2 million
4TrabzonsporTrabzon2.1 million

Reserve leagues

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Clubs in the Turkish football league system do not have reserve teams with the exception of Genclerbirligi and Altinordu. Hacettepe SK is the reserve side of Genclerbirligi, and Nigde Anadolu FK is of Altinordu. Other clubs have U21 and U18 teams which compete outside the main league system.

Amateur football

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Below the four professional leagues in Turkish football are amateur leagues. Amateur football clubs include:

  • Seniors’ First Amateur League: 2145 clubs
  • Seniors’ Second Amateur League: 1743 clubs
  • Seniors’ Third Amateur League: 1 club
  • Women's League: 9 clubs
  • Juniors’ First Amateur League: 27 clubs
  • Juniors’ Second Amateur League: 100 clubs
  • Juniorsclubs

Amateur clubs are put into leagues included in the Amateur League system and are eligible for promotion to theTurkish Third League.

Largest football stadiums in Turkey

[edit]
#ImageStadiumCapacityCityHome team(s)Opened
1Atatürk Olympic Stadium74,753[4]IstanbulTurkey2002
2Ali Sami Yen Spor Kompleksi53,978[5]Galatasaray SK2011
3İzmir Atatürk Stadium51,337[6]İzmirKarşıyaka SK1971
4Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium47,430[7]IstanbulFenerbahçe SK1908
5Bursa Metropolitan Municipality Stadium43,361[8]BursaBursaspor2015
6Beşiktaş Stadium42,590[9]IstanbulBeşiktaş JK2016
7Konya Metropolitan Municipality Stadium42,000[10]KonyaKonyaspor2014
8Şenol Güneş Sports Complex40,782[11]TrabzonTrabzonspor2017
9Kocaeli Stadium34,829İzmitKocaelispor2018
10Samsun 19 Mayıs Stadium33,919SamsunSamsunspor2017

Cup competitions

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The two major cup competitions are theTurkish Cup andTurkish Super Cup. The Turkish Cup includes clubs from every division. The Super Cup is an annual match held between the winners of the Süper Lig and Turkish Cup.

Now-defunct Turkish cup competitions include thePrime Minister's Cup,Atatürk Cup,Istanbul Football Cup andSpor Toto Cup.

Qualification for European competitions

[edit]
As of 2025-26 season
CompetitionWho QualifiesNotes
UEFA Champions League league phaseClub finishing 1st in the Süper Lig
UEFA Champions League play-off roundClub finishing 2nd in the Süper Lig
UEFA Europa League second qualifying roundClub finishing 3rd in the Süper Lig
UEFA Europa Conference League second qualifying roundClub finishing 4th in the Süper Lig
UEFA Europa League play-off roundWinner of theTurkish CupIf the winner is already guaranteed a place in Europe, the highest ranked club in Süper Lig which did not qualify to UEFA Champions League will replace them.

In addition, once in a European competition, it becomes possible to qualify for others:

  • All the losers of the Champions League third qualifying round go forward to the UEFA Europa League Play-off round
  • All the losers of the Champions League play-off round go forward to the UEFA Europa League group stage

European competition records

[edit]
Main article:Turkish football clubs in European competitions

The following teams have made the last eight of European competitions:

UEFA Super Cup

[edit]

European Cup / UEFA Champions League

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‡ Galatasaray was one of the eight teams in the group stage of the1993–94 UEFA Champions League, however, UEFA does not consider this a quarter-final participation.

UEFA Cup / Europa League

[edit]

UEFA Europa Conference League

[edit]

Inter-Cities Fairs Cup

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Balkans Cup

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UEFA Cup Winners Cup

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UEFA Intertoto Cup

[edit]

Turkey national team

[edit]
Main article:Turkey national football team

The Turkey national team made its debut on October 26, 1923. The match ended in a 2–2 draw against theRomania. Turkey have qualified for theFIFA World Cup twice:1954 and2002. Their longest duration of competing for the Cup was coming third in the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Turkey also finished third in the2003 Confederations Cup, reached the semi-finals ofEuro 2008 and played in the quarter-finals ofEuro 2000.[12][13][14][15][16] Turkey will host theUEFA Euro 2032 alongside Italy.

Women's football

[edit]
Main article:Women's football in Turkey

Records

[edit]
Further information:Football records in Turkey

Seasons

[edit]
1900s:1904–051905–061906–071907–081908–091909–10
1910s:1910–111911–121912–131913–141914–151915–161916–171917–181918–191919–20
1920s:1920–211921–221922–231923–241924–251925–261926–271927–281928–291929–30
1930s:1930–311931–321932–331933–341934–351935–361936–371937–381938–391939–40
1940s:1940–411941–421942–431943–441944–451945–461946–471947–481948–491949–50
1950s:1950–511951–521952–531953–541954–551955–561956–571957–581958–591959–60
1960s:1960–611961–621962–631963–641964–651965–661966–671967–681968–691969–70
1970s:1970–711971–721972–731973–741974–751975–761976–771977–781978–791979–80
1980s:1980–811981–821982–831983–841984–851985–861986–871987–881988–891989–90
1990s:1990–911991–921992–931993–941994–951995–961996–971997–981998–991999–00
2000s:2000–012001–022002–032003–042004–052005–062006–072007–082008–092009–10
2010s:2010–112011–122012–132013–142014–152015–162016–172017–182018–192019–20
2020s:2020–212021–222022–232023–242024–252025–262026–272027–282028–292029–30

See also

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Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Aslan Amani (2013-07-19)."Football in Turkey: A force for liberalisation and modernity?". openDemocracy. Retrieved2014-06-24.
  2. ^https://countrycassette.com/rankings-sports-football-fans-by-country/
  3. ^"Before the national Turkish leagues". Erdinç Sivritepe. Retrieved15 September 2018.
  4. ^"Stat Arama Detay TFF".Archived from the original on 2019-01-31. Retrieved2012-04-23.
  5. ^"Ali Sami Yen Spor Kompleksi Nef Stadyumu - GALATASARAY.ORG".Archived from the original on 2021-10-21. Retrieved2021-10-21.
  6. ^"Stat Arama Detay TFF".Archived from the original on 2019-01-31. Retrieved2012-04-23.
  7. ^"Ülker Stadyumu Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Spor Kompleksi - Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü".Archived from the original on 2021-01-21. Retrieved2021-10-21.
  8. ^"Stat Arama Detay TFF".Archived from the original on 2018-07-01. Retrieved2016-01-16.
  9. ^"Stat Arama Detay TFF".Archived from the original on 2018-07-01. Retrieved2016-08-28.
  10. ^"Stat Arama Detay TFF".Archived from the original on 2018-07-01. Retrieved2015-12-27.
  11. ^"Stat Arama Detay TFF".Archived from the original on 2019-01-31. Retrieved2018-11-08.
  12. ^James Davis (2002-04-28)."Turkey's world challenge born in Germany".The Observer. Retrieved2014-06-24.
  13. ^Ian Hawkey (2010-10-11)."Ozil's choice is Germany's gain and Turkey's loss".The National. Retrieved2014-06-24.
  14. ^Flohr, Markus; Popp, Maximilian (2010-09-17)."Reverse Immigration: Turkey Recruits Players 'Made in Germany'".Spiegel Online. Retrieved2014-06-24.
  15. ^McCarra, Kevin (7 October 2003)."German foundation beneath Turkey's rise to greatness".the Guardian.
  16. ^"Dawn of a new Turkish era - Soccer - www.theage.com.au".www.theage.com.au. 16 May 2004.

External links

[edit]
National teams
Men
Women
Domestic leagues
Men
Women
Domestic cups
Defunct leagues
Defunct cups
Lists
Men
Women
Sovereign states
States with limited
recognition
Dependencies and
other entities
Football in Asia
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States with
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