Food Network is an Americanbasic cable channel owned by Television Food Network, G.P., a unit ofWarner Bros. Discovery, who manages and operates it as a division of the Warner Bros. Discovery U.S. Networks Group. The channel airs bothspecial and regular episodic programs about food and cooking.Cooking Channel, a network launched in 2002, is a spin-off of Food Network. In addition to its headquarters inNew York City, Food Network has offices inAtlanta,Los Angeles,San Francisco,Chicago,Detroit,Jersey City,Cincinnati, andKnoxville.
Food Network was established on November 23, 1993, 6:00 am asTV Food Network and on April 1, 1996, it adopted its current name. It was acquired byScripps Networks Interactive who later merged withDiscovery, Inc. in 2018, andWarnerMedia was merged with Discovery, Inc. to form Warner Bros. Discovery. As of November 2023[update], Food Network is available to approximately 70,000,000 pay television households in the United States-down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.[1]
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In 1990,Providence Journal company president Trygve Myhren was attempting to grow the company and decided that basic cable programming at the time was a high growth area with cable companies beginning to expand their overall channel capacities. With many basic cable channels at the time, Myhren was looking for something different. With food selected as the channel's genre, the working title for the channel was The Cooking Channel up until the channel's launch, although theCooking Channel name would later be used for a spin off channel that launched in May 2010. Myhren hired Stephen Cunningham andReese Schonfeld, co-founder ofCNN, to help Joe Langhan and Jack Clifford to found the channel. Both The Cooking Channel and the Food Networktrademarks were taken by other entities, with the Food Network being a newsletter. Myrhen originally wanted the network to be operated fromProvidence, Rhode Island as he argued that a cable network's costs were much more scalable from a lower-profile location, while Schonfeld preferred it be originated fromNew York, considered the American nucleus ofculinary arts; Schonfeld's preference eventually won out, though at the peril of the network's launch budget, which was lower than it would have been from Providence.[2] Cunningham also separated from the venture at that time and went on to launch other networks from his Denver base.
Food Network was formed on April 19, 1993, as "TV Food Network"; its legal name remains Television Food Network, G. P. After acquiring the Food Network trademark after several years, it shortened the name to that. The network initially launched on November 22, 1993, with two initial shows featuringDavid Rosengarten,Donna Hanover, andRobin Leach. On November 23, 1993, Food Network began live broadcasting.[3] Its original partners included the Journal itself,Adelphia,Scripps-Howard,Continental Cablevision,Cablevision, and most importantly, theTribune Company, which provided the network's technical output.
Given that the channel could only afford to run programming that was produced themselves, the channel started taping 5 shows with a potential host to see if they worked. This was later turned intoChef Du Jour series.[2]
Schonfeld was appointed as managing director of TV Food Network and maintained a spot on its management board along with two Providence Journal employees. The original lineup for the network includedEmeril Lagasse (Essence of Emeril),Debbi Fields,Donna Hanover,David Rosengarten, Curtis Aikens, Dr.Louis Aronne,Jacques Pépin, andRobin Leach. The following year, the network acquired the rights to theJulia Child library fromWGBH.
In 1995, Schonfeld resigned as managing director of the network, but remained on its board until 1998, when he and Cunningham sold their interest in the company to Scripps. In 1996, Erica Gruen was hired as the president and CEO of TV Food Network, becoming the second woman in history to be the CEO of a U.S. television network. That same year, the "TV" portion of the name was dropped, thus making it simply Food Network. Gruen led the network into an explosive growth until 1998, by launching the largest website for food, FoodNetwork.com, more than doubling the subscriber base, tripling the viewership and multiplying the network's yearly revenue.[4] In 1997, it was the second fastest growing cable network. Gruen changed the brand positioning from Schonfeld's "TV for people who cook" to "TV for everyone who loves to eat," thereby greatly improving the appeal to viewers and advertisers, and saving the network from bankruptcy. Greg Willis and Cathy Rasenberger were two of the original members of the start-up team who led the affiliate sales and marketing of the company from 1995 to 1998. Greg Willis served as senior vice president of worldwide distribution until he left to joinLiberty Media in 1998.
TheA. H. Belo Corporation acquired Food Network when it purchased The Providence Journal Company in February 1997. Belo sold its 56% stake in the channel to theE. W. Scripps Company in October 1997, in a trade deal that resulted in Belo acquiring the television-radio station combination ofKENS-AM/TV inSan Antonio, Texas.[5]
The1080ihigh definitionsimulcast feed of Food Network launched on March 31, 2008.
Food Network was first launched outside of North America in theUnited Kingdom on November 9, 2009, and inAsia on July 5, 2010 (onStarHub TV channel 433 and in HD on channel 468).[6] Since the UK launch on November 9, 2009, onSky,[7] the channel has been added to theFreesat,[8]Freeview[9] andVirgin Media platforms.[10]
In January 2015, the Food Network collaborated withSnapchat and launched its own Food Network channel, "Discover Food Network", where social media users can watch the channel through the app. The channel features recipes, food hacks, and tips to entertain and appeal to the social media savvy millennials of today while watching from the palm of their hands.[11]
In 2019, Tribune was acquired byNexstar Media Group.
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Food Network programming is divided into adaytime block known as "Food Network in the Kitchen" and aprimetime lineup branded as "Food Network Nighttime". Generally, "In the Kitchen" is dedicated to instructional cooking programs, while "Nighttime" features food-related entertainment programs, such as cooking competitions, food-related travel shows, and reality shows. Promos identify "Food Network Nighttime" programming but not "In the Kitchen" daytime programming. Many of the channel's personalities routinely pull double-duty (or more) – hosting both daytime and nighttime programming – and the channel regularly offers specials which typically either follow its personalities on working vacations, or bring together a number of personalities for a themed cooking event. Food Network broadcasts on weekdays from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 a.m. and weekends from 7:00 a.m. to 4:00 a.m. ET, with the rest of the day being taken byinfomercials. The UK channel broadcasts from 6:00 a.m. to 3:00 a.m. (UK timeGMT/BST as applicable) daily.
Mario Batali andBobby Flay joined the network in 1995. In 1996, Erica Gruen, the network's CEO createdEmeril Live!, which became the channel's signature series. Although Batali has moved on to other endeavors, Flay still appears regularly on many programs, includingIron Chef America, the channel's well-received remake of the original Japanese series.Iron Chef America's host,Alton Brown, gained a cult following for hisGood Eats, which mixed science, cooking and off-beat humor. Later the network had a series entitled, "Ruggerio to Go" hosted byDavid Ruggerio.
In 2002, Food Network made an appeal to the home cook by addingPaula's Home Cooking, hosted byPaula Deen. Home Cooking focused mostly onSouthern cuisine and comfort food. The show took overly complicated recipes and classic dishes and broke them down for the home cook. The show did increasingly well, and Deen revamped the show in a series calledPaula's Best Dishes. In this series, friends and family members would join her in the kitchen and put a twist on classics and introduce new recipes. In June 2013, Food Network announced that they were not renewing Deen's contract due to publicity about her racial remarks revealed in a lawsuit brought on by a former worker.[12]
Also in 2002,Ina Garten's showBarefoot Contessa aired. Garten is well known forcookbooks, includingThe Barefoot Contessa Cookbook,Barefoot Contessa Family Style, andBarefoot Contessa in Paris. Garten was also mentored byMartha Stewart. Garten's show features her cooking for her husband or hosting friends at their home in theHamptons, New York.[13]Barefoot Contessa typically has about one million viewers per episode, and has received some of the highest ratings for Food Network.
Currently, the channel's biggest cross-over stars areRachael Ray andPaula Deen, who have both taken their cable following (primarily through the series30 Minute Meals,$40 a Day, andPaula's Best Dishes) into asyndicated talk show andPositively Paula. BothPaula Deen andRachael Ray also have merchandise lines of cookware, food products and pet lines.
Beginning in 2005, an annual reality contest,The Next Food Network Star, brought viewers to New York City to compete for their own show on the channel. Previous winners include Dan Smith and Steve McDonagh (Party Line with The Hearty Boys),Guy Fieri (Guy's Big Bite,Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives,Guy Off the Hook,Ultimate Recipe Showdown,Guy's Big Night,Guy's Family Feast,Guy's Grocery Games),Amy Finley (The Gourmet Next Door),Aaron McCargo, Jr. (Big Daddy's House),[14]Melissa d'Arabian (Ten Dollar Dinners), andAarti Sequeira (Aarti Party).[15] For the 2010 season, production ofThe Next Food Network Star was relocated to Los Angeles. It has become the network's flagship show. For most of its 13-year run, season finales of the show have been followed by lead-out shows the network deems has great potential and will draw even more viewers. These consist of either premieres of new shows, season premieres of continuing shows, or episodes of continuing shows that are significant to the schedule. For instance, the most recent season finale ofStar was followed by the season premiere ofBeat Bobby Flay.
In December 2007,The New York Times business section published an article on the end of Emeril Lagasse's showEmeril Live, and quoted Brooke Johnson, the president, as saying that Lagasse "remains a valued member of the Food Network family".[16] Derek Baine, senior analyst at the media research firm SNL Kagan, is reported to have commented, "It's not surprising that people move on... They pay almost nothing for the people as they are building their careers... That's been their strategy all along". The article also commented on the declining popularity of the Food Network whose daily ratings were reported had fallen "to an average of 544,000 people from 580,000 a year [earlier]". It noted, "More significant, its signature weekend block of instructional programs, known collectively as 'In the Kitchen,' has lost 15 percent of its audience in the last year, to 830,000 viewers on average. This had left the network owing refunds, known as 'make goods,' to advertisers." Erica Gruen, president and CEO of the Food Network from 1996 to 1998 who createdEmeril Live during her tenure, was reported to have blamed the decline on increased competition, "There's all sorts of instructional cooking video on the Web".[16] But it reported that, "Bob Tuschman, Food Network's senior vice president for programming and production, said the weekend ratings drop was 'nothing we haven't anticipated'. He said the network's ratings in that time period grew by double digits in each of the last four years, growth that could not be sustained."[16] It also wrote, "About a year ago, the Food Network began aggressively trying to change that with new deals that were 'way more onerous' from the stars' point of view, said a person who has been affected by the changing strategy, by insisting on a stake in book deals and licensing ventures, and control over outside activities.[16]
On January 1, 2010,HGTV and Food Network were removed from cable providerCablevision, which operates systems serving areas surroundingNew York City. Scripps removed HGTV and Food Network from Cablevision following the expiration of the company's carriage contract on December 31, 2009; Cablevision and Scripps had been in negotiations for several months to agree on a new contract, but no progress had been made. The discontinuance of Food Network from Cablevision led the channel to make arrangements with Tribune-ownedCW affiliatesWPIX in New York City andWTXX inHartford, Connecticut, to broadcast a special episode ofIron Chef America with First LadyMichelle Obama on January 10, 2010, after that episode enjoyed high ratings on its January 3 cable premiere.[17] On January 21, 2010, Cablevision and Scripps reached an agreement that resulted in Food Network and HGTV being restored on Cablevision's systems that day.[18]
A similar carriage dispute withAT&T U-verse resulted in Food Network,Cooking Channel,HGTV,DIY Network, andGreat American Country being dropped by the provider on November 5, 2010;[19] the dispute was resolved two days later, on November 7, 2010, after the two parties reached a new carriage agreement.[20][21]
Red Fly Studio developed a video game for theWii console in partnership with Food Network calledCook or Be Cooked. The game, which was published byNamco Bandai Games and was released on November 3rd, 2009, simulates real cooking experiences.[22][23] Players can also try out the recipes featured on the game. Other games includeIron Chef America: Supreme Cuisine, based onIron Chef America[24] and PC gameCooking Simulator, developed by Big Cheese studio and released on October 24th, 2019, which has extendeddownloadable content branded with Food Network branding, including a kitchen which resembles a Food Network competitive cooking show's studio, complete with a studio audience section.[25]
In accordance with an agreement between Scripps andChellomedia, Food Network programs started to air internationally in the fourth quarter of 2009 in the United Kingdom and then in other markets in early 2010.[26]
Food Network UK initially launched on the Sky platform as a free-to-air channel, joined by a +1 hour timeshift, taking the channel slots vacated by the closure ofReal Estate TV. (Following Scripps' acquisition of Travel Channel International, the four channel positions on Sky were reordered to move Food Network up the grid.) Food Network and +1 were subsequently also made available on the Freesat satellite platform.
On terrestrial service Freeview, initially a four-hour primetime evening block was acquired, sharing capacity with channels includingCreate and Craft; subsequently Food Network relocated to its own full-day service, with the four-hour berth used to bring Travel Channel to DTT. (Travel has since itself moved to all-day operation, with the evening hours now absorbed into Create & Craft.) Scripps subsequently signed a carriage deal withVirgin Media to bring Food Network and Travel Channel to the cable platform (in Travel's case this was a re-addition following its earlier removal from the cable platform.)
In September 2019, it was announced thatUKTV channelGood Food, which Discovery had acquired full control of earlier in the year, would be closed from September 12, 2019; its content merged into Food Network UK.[27]
Some countries have their own Food Network. Examples include:Flavour Network,Food Network Asia,Food Network Italy and Food Network Europe. In the second half of 2014, Food Network Brazil began broadcasting with programs fully dubbed in Portuguese and optional subtitles.[28] On February 1, 2015, Food Network Asia launched onAustralian IPTV serviceFetch TV.[29][30] The channel launched in Latin America in March 2015 with full Spanish dubbed programs.
A localizedfree-to-airAustralian version was launched on November 17, 2015 bySBS, which had a licensing and programming output arrangement with Scripps.[31] Another reiteration, theSeven Network's7food network began broadcasting in December 2018 after SBS's deal ended in November 2018. After lower than expected ratings, 7food network closed on December 28, 2019, although select Food Network shows continued to air on sister network7flix until December 1, 2020.
In Australia, Food Network currently screens onIPTV serviceFetch on channel 136.[32]
On December 1, 2018,Discovery Networks Asia Pacific rebranded its Food TV channel in New Zealand to aNew Zealand version of Food Network.[33] On February 3, 2021, Sky announced that Food Network would close in New Zealand and a selection of Food Network shows would be moved to its sister channel,Living. On March 1, 2021 the channel was replaced byInvestigation Discovery.[34]
The Food Network airs in Spanish on the Hogar de HGTV channel. They share this network withDiscovery andHGTV.
Food Network was available in the Netherlands and Flanders between April 22, 2010[35] and January 31, 2019. Content from former Scripps television channelsTravel Channel,Fine Living and Food Network has been integrated into the programming ofDiscovery,TLC andInvestigation Discovery in the Benelux.[36]
Founded in 1993, the company's business includes visual and textual television programs on a subscription or fee basis. In 2011, Scripps requested to add itsCooking Channel (formerly Fine Living Network) to the partnership, and Tribune agreed for $350 million, Tribune would need to add additional capital.[37]
While Food Network programming generally does not explicitly advertise products, author Cheri Ketchum argues that Food Network advertises a lifestyle that is consistent with the norms of consumer culture.[38] Ketchum argues that Food Network deliberately chooses non-controversial programming, rather than programming which challenges aspects of consumer culture such as food classism, food deserts,food waste, and environmental impacts of food production.[38] Critics of Food Network such as Michael Z. Newman argue that the use of lighting and close-ups, along with the use of conventionally attractive hosts, create a fetishization of desirable foods and a consumerist lifestyle.[39]
Critics complain of disproportionate racial representation in Food Network programming. Tasha Oren argues that the overrepresentation of Asian-Americans in competition shows on the network, along with the lack of representation of Asian-Americans as hosts of programs, contributes to the "model minority" stereotype of Asian-Americans.[40] However, Oren also offers the perspective that competition shows are viewed by network management as a low-risk entry point for hosts, especially those for whom a program may not be well received by audiences.[40]
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