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Flowers of the Four Seasons

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Grouping of flowers in Chinese culture

TheFlowers of the Four Seasons (Chinese:四季名花,Sìjì Mínghuā) are a traditional grouping of flowers found inChinese culture^[1] that spread to and influenced otherEast Asian^[2] arts.

InChinese art^[3] and culture, the flowers that represent the four seasons consist of:

(春兰)Chūnlán – Spring –orchid
(夏荷)Xiahé – Summer –lotus
(秋菊)Qiūjú – Autumn –chrysanthemum
and (冬梅)Dōngméi – Winter –plum blossom

They contain three of the elements of theFour Gentlemen.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Gallery

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Plum blossoms (contemporary)
Orchid – Hu Zhengyan (1633)
Chrysanthemums from the Xian'e Changchun Album by Giuseppe Castiglione (1688–1766)
"Elegance of Lotus Looking from Heaven" (contemporary)

Notes

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^Chinese Symbols and Chinese Art Motifs Archived 2010-12-14 at theWayback Machine. (Retrieved on March 25, 2009)
^Lowe & Yasuhara 2016;Choi 2010.
^Chinese Symbols and Chinese Art Motifs Archived 2010-12-14 at theWayback Machine. (Retrieved on March 25, 2009)
^article on Chinese painting with the 4 flowers and their symbolism Archived 2012-05-19 at theWayback Machine (Retrieved 3-28-2009)
^Google Booksearch scan ofDescription of Chinese Pottery and Porcelain by Yen Chu, Yan Zhu, Stephen Wootton Bushell, François Xavier Dentrecolles. Translated by Stephen Wootton Bushell. The Clarendon Press, 1910 (retrieved 3-28-2009)
^Encyclopedia of Chinese Symbolism and Art Motives, C.A.S. Williams. New York: The Julian Press (1960). p. 190
^People's Daily Online -- Plum blossom, peony proposed to be national flowers. (Retrieved on March 25, 2009)
^"Birds and flowers of the four seasons, summer - eKokuhou".

References

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Choi, JungBong (2010). "Of the East Asian Cultural Sphere: Theorizing Cultural Regionalization".China Review.10 (2). The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press:109–136.JSTOR 23462332.
Lowe, Roy; Yasuhara, Yoshihito (2016). "Higher learning in ancient Korea, Japan and Vietnam: The East Asian cultural sphere and the Imperial Chinese".The Origins of Higher Learning. Routledge.ISBN 9781315728551.