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Florida red-bellied cooter

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Species of turtle

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Florida red-bellied cooter

Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Family:	Emydidae
Genus:	Pseudemys
Species:	P. nelsoni
Binomial name
*Pseudemys nelsoni* Carr, 1938
Synonyms^[2]
?Deirochelys floridana O.P. Hay, 1908 ?Trachemys jarmani O.P. Hay, 1908 Pseudemys nelsoni Carr, 1938 Pseudemys rubriventris nelsoni —Mertens, 1951 Chrysemys (Pseudemys) nelsoni —McDowell, 1964 Chrysemys rubriventris nelsoni —Obst, 1983

TheFlorida red-bellied cooter orFlorida redbelly turtle (Pseudemys nelsoni) is aspecies of turtle in thefamily Emydidae.

Etymology

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Thespecific name,nelsoni, is in honor of American biologist George Nelson (born 1873).^[3]

Geographic range

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P. nelsoni is native toFlorida, and southernGeorgia. Fossils ofP. nelsoni have also been found along the coast of South Carolina from the Pleistocene Epoch, indicating that the historic range of this species used to extend farther north. Today, its northern counterpart, theNorthern Red-bellied Cooter (Psuedemys rubriventris) occupies this region.^[4]

Biology

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The Florida red-bellied cooter is mainlyherbivorous, and can be found in nearly any type ofaquatic habitat. It feeds on a variety of aquatic plants including waterweed (Vallisneria andElodea), duckweed (Lemna andWolffia), and arrowhead (Sagittaria) species.^[5] It has been documented consumingalgae as well. Juveniles tend to primarily consume smallinsects. As juveniles age, they transition to a plant-dominated diet.^[6] It reaches particularly high densities in spring runs, and occasionally can be found inbrackish water. It appears to have an intermediate salinity tolerance compared to true freshwater forms and the highly specialized terrapin (Malachemys).^[7] This species is active year-round and spends a large portion of the day basking on logs. It is noted for sometimes laying its eggs in the nest mounds ofalligators. Sex istemperature-dependent with males being born at cooler temperatures and females being born at warmer temperatures with a pivotal temperature of about 28.5 °C (83.3 °F).^[8] The Florida red-bellied cooter is closely related to the Peninsula cooter (Pseudemys floridana) and can often be found basking on logs together.

Description

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The Florida red-bellied cooter can be distinguished from other similar turtles by its distinctive red-tingedplastron (belly) and twocusps (like teeth) on its upper beak. Like most turtles of thegenusPseudemys, this species is a fairly large river turtle. Straight-linecarapace length in mature turtles can range from 20.3 to 37.5 cm (8.0 to 14.8 in).^[9] Females, which average 30.5 cm (12.0 in) in carapace length and weigh 4 kg (8.8 lb), are noticeably larger than males, which are around 25 cm (9.8 in) and 1.8 kg (4.0 lb) in mass.^[1]^[10]

Export

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The Florida red-bellied cooter is commonlyexported forconsumption and thepet trade, with about 50% wild caught individuals and 50%captive bred.

Most of US export statistics (as collected by theWorld Chelonian Trust in 2002–2005) simply describe exported turtles by the genus,Pseudemys, without identifying the species. They are exported by the million, and are mostlyfarm-raised.^[11]

References

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^^a ^bvan Dijk, P.P. (2016) [errata version of 2011 assessment]."Pseudemys nelsoni".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2011 e.T170495A97426506.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T170495A6782280.en. Retrieved13 April 2024.
^Fritz, Uwe;Havaš, Peter (2007)."Checklist of Chelonians of the World".Vertebrate Zoology.57 (2): 195.doi:10.3897/vz.57.e30895.
^Beolens, Bo;Watkins, Michael;Grayson, Michael (2011).The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp.ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Pseudemys nelsoni, pp. 188-189).
^Ehret, Dana J.; Atkinson, Benjamin K. (September 2012). "The Fossil Record of the Diamond-backed Terrapin,Malaclemys terrapin (Testudines: Emydidae)".Journal of Herpetology.46 (3):351–355.doi:10.1670/11-085.ISSN 0022-1511.S2CID 86826329.
^Jackson, Dale (2010-08-07), "Pseudemys nelsoni Carr 1938 – Florida Red-Bellied Turtle",Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises, Chelonian Research Foundation, pp. 041.1 –041.8,doi:10.3854/crm.5.041.nelsoni.v1.2010,ISBN 978-0-9653540-9-7
^Pseudemys nelsoni (Florida Redbelly Turtle). Animal Diversity Web.https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Pseudemys_nelsoni/
^Dunson, William A.;Seidel, Michael E. (June 1986). "Salinity Tolerance of Estuarine and Insular Emydid Turtles (Pseudemys nelsoni and Trachemys decussata)".Journal of Herpetology.20 (2): 237.doi:10.2307/1563949.JSTOR 1563949.
^Valenzuela, Nicole; Valentine, Lance, eds. (2018-06-13).Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination in Vertebrates. Open Monographs. Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press.doi:10.5479/si.9781944466213.ISBN 978-1-944466-21-3.S2CID 83448966.
^"Species Profile: Florida Redbelly Turtle (Pseudemys nelsoni) | SREL Herpetology". Archived fromthe original on 2017-08-09. Retrieved2012-04-03.
^"BREEDING TURTLES -Pseudemys nelsoni".
^Declared Turtle Trade From the United States -Pseudemys sp.

External links

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Florida red-bellied cooter Southeast Ecological Science Center.

Carr AF (1938). "Pseudemys nelsoni, a New Turtle from Florida".Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History8: 305–310. (Pseudemys nelsoni, new species).
Ernst CH,Barbour RW,Lovich JE (1994).Turtles of the United States and Canada. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution Press. 578 pp.
Hubbs C (1995). "Springs and Spring Runs as Unique Aquatic Systems".Copeia1995 (4): 989–991.
Reed RN,Gibbons JW (2004). "Conservation status of live U.S. nonmarine turtles in domestic and international trade – a report to U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service". Aiken, South Carolina: Savannah River Ecology Lab. 92 pp.

Emydidae family

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Order:Testudines
Suborder:Cryptodira
Superfamily:Testudinoidea
Family:Emydidae

Genera

Species of theEmydidae family

Northern red-bellied cooter(Pseudemys rubriventris)

Chrysemys

Painted turtle

Clemmys

Spotted turtle

Deirochelys

Chicken turtle

Actinemys

Emys

Emydoidea

Blanding's turtle

Glyptemys

Graptemys

Malaclemys

Diamondback terrapin

Pseudemys

Terrapene

Trachemys

†Wilburemys

†Wilburemys yakimensis

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onturtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. Key: †=extinct.

Testudines

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Clade:Diapsida
Order:Testudines

Genus

Chelonioidea
(Sea turtles)

Cheloniidae	†Allopleuron Caretta †Carolinochelys Chelonia †Eochelone Eretmochelys †Gigantatypus †Glarichelys †Itilochelys Lepidochelys †Mexichelys †Miocaretta Natator †Pacifichelys †Syllomus †Tasbacka
Dermochelyidae	†Arabemys †Corsochelys †Cosmochelys Dermochelys †Eosphargis †Mesodermochelys †Psephophorus
	†Euclastes †Peritresius †Procolpochelys †Protosphargis †Puppigerus

Kinosternoidea

Dermatemydidae	Dermatemys
Kinosternidae	Claudius †Hoplochelys Kinosternon Staurotypus Sternotherus

Testudinoidea

Emydidae	†Acherontemys Chrysemys Clemmys Deirochelys Emys Actinemys Emydoidea Glyptemys Graptemys Malaclemys Pseudemys Terrapene Trachemys †Wilburemys
Geoemydidae	Batagur †Banhxeochelys Cuora Cyclemys Geoclemys Geoemyda Hardella Heosemys Leucocephalon Malayemys Mauremys Melanochelys Morenia Notochelys Orlitia Pangshura Rhinoclemmys Sacalia Siebenrockiella Vijayachelys
Platysternidae	Platysternon
Testudinidae	Aldabrachelys Astrochelys Centrochelys Chelonoidis Chersina Cylindraspis †Cymatholcus †Floridemys Geochelone Gopherus †Hadrianus †Hesperotestudo Homopus Indotestudo Kinixys Malacochersus Manouria †Megalochelys †Oligopherus Psammobates Pyxis †Solitudo Stigmochelys †Stylemys Testudo

Trionychia

Carettochelyidae	†Allaeochelys †Anosteira Carettochelys
Trionychidae	Amyda Apalone †Axestemys Chitra Cyclanorbis Cycloderma †Drazinderetes Dogania †Gilmoremys †Hutchemys †Khunnuchelys Lissemys Nilssonia Palea †Palaeoamyda Pelochelys Pelodiscus Rafetus Trionyx
	†Basilochelys †Sinaspideretes

Chelydridae	Chelydra †Chelydrops †Chelydropsis †Emarginachelys †Macrocephalochelys Macrochelys †Planiplastron †Protochelydra
†Nanhsiungchelyidae	†Anomalochelys †Basilemys †Jiangxichelys
†Protostegidae	†Alienochelys †Archelon †Atlantochelys †Bouliachelys †Calcarichelys †Cratochelone †Desmatochelys †Iserosaurus †Notochelone †Ocepechelon †Pneumatoarthrus †Protostega †Rhinochelys †Santanachelys †Terlinguachelys
	†Adocus †Argillochelys †Bashuchelys †Ctenochelys †Prionochelys †Toxochelys

Pleurodira

†Araripemydidae	†Araripemys
†Bothremydidae	†Araiochelys †Arenila †Azabbaremys †Bothremys †Cearachelys †Chedighaii †Chupacabrachelys †Eotaphrosphys †Foxemys †Galianemys †Ilatardia †Inaechelys †Itapecuruemys †Jainemys †Kinkonychelys †Kurmademys †Labrostochelys †Nigeremys †Phosphatochelys †Polysternon †Puentemys †Rosasia †Rhothonemys †Sankuchemys †Taphrosphys †Ummulisani †Zolhafah
Chelidae	Acanthochelys Chelodina Chelus Elseya Elusor Emydura Hydromedusa †Lomalatachelys Mesoclemmys Myuchelys Phrynops Platemys †Prochelidella Pseudemydura Rheodytes Rhinemys †Yaminuechelys
Pelomedusidae	Pelomedusa Pelusios
Podocnemididae	†Albertwoodemys †Bauruemys †Brontochelys †Caninemys †Carbonemys †Cerrejonemys †Cordichelys Erymnochelys †Lapparentemys †Latentemys Peltocephalus Podocnemis †Stupendemys
†Sahonachelyidae	†Sahonachelys †Sokatra

	†Caribemys †Caririemys †Tacuarembemys

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onTurtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. † = extinct.

See alsoList of Testudines families

Taxon identifiers
Pseudemys nelsoni	Wikidata:Q175696 Wikispecies:Pseudemys nelsoni ADW:Pseudemys_nelsoni CoL:6WCBF EoL:1055546 GBIF:2442843 iNaturalist:39824 IRMNG:10358480 ITIS:173813 IUCN:170495 NAS:1254 NatureServe:2.104452 NCBI:301539 Observation.org:102594 Open Tree of Life:526264 Paleobiology Database:53093 RD:nelsoni