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Chandr Nagar district | |
|---|---|
 Jain temple inFirozabad | |
 Location of Firozabad district in Uttar Pradesh | |
| Coordinates (Chandr Nagar):27°09′06″N78°24′06″E / 27.1518°N 78.4016°E /27.1518; 78.4016 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| Division | Agra |
| Headquarters | Firozabad |
| Government | |
| • District Magistrate | Dr. Ujjwal Kumar (IAS)[2] |
| • Lok Sabha constituencies | Firozabad |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,407 km2 (929 sq mi) |
| Population (2023) | |
• Total | 3,472,437[1] |
| • Density | 1,443/km2 (3,736/sq mi) |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy | 74.6%.[3] |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| Major highways | NH 19 |
| Website | http://firozabad.nic.in/ |
Firozabad district (Hindustani pronunciation:[fɪɾoːzaːbaːd̪]) is one of the westerndistricts of the Indianstate ofUttar Pradesh, which hasFirozabad city as its district headquarters. Administratively, the district is a part of theAgra division.
The city lies in the cultural region ofBraj and was a part of theSurasenaMahajanapada of aheers during theVedic Age. It was subsequently ruled by the bigger kingdoms like the Mauryas, Guptas, Scythians, Kushans, Indo-Greeks before falling into the hands of localRajput ,Aheer andjat rulers. Bhadoria Rajputs from Agra and Jats of Bharatpur and Aheers of gundau, dheerpura,have ruled the city for some time.It was named after Firoz Shah Mansab Dar in 1566 during the reign ofMughal EmperorAkbar. The 1596 gazetteer of Agra and Mathura records that Firozabad was upgraded to aPargana then given to Nabab Sadulla as ajagir during the reign ofShah jahan (r. 1627–1658). Mr. Peter, a businessman, connected with theEast India Company visited the town on 9 August 1632 and found it in good condition.Etawah,Budaun,Mainpuri and Firozabad were all first class mansabdars of the emperorFarrukhsiyar (r. 1713–1719). The estate ofRajput clans theLabhowaJhala Hindu Rajas were subdued during the Mughal sultanate which captured many regions in the United Provinces, and by 1680 the Rajas of Labhowa lost control of Firozabad district. As written by famous Brithish Historian Matthew Atmore in his book Hindu Tribes and Caste,JadaunRajputs are here in huge numbers and other cities ofFirozabad.
BajiraoPeshwa captured Firozabad and Etmadpur in 1737 in the regime ofMohammad Shah.Jat Rulers from Mahawan attacked Faujdar Hakim Kajim at Firozabad where they killed him on 9 May 1739, then went on to rule Firozabad for 30 years. Firozabad was also part of Bharatpur Kingdom.Gajuddin, Hidayat Vaksh (son ofAlamgir II), his nephew and Mirza Baba his son in law, looted Firozabad. Mirza Nabab Khan stayed here until 1782. At the end of 18th century Firozabad was ruled by Himmat Bahadur Gusain with the cooperation of the Raja of Labhowa.
The French Army Chief Marathas D. Wayan established an ordnance factory in Firozabad in November 1794, an event that Thomas Traving mentions in his bookTravels in India. Marathas appointed his subadar Lakwadads here who built a fort near the oldtehsil. General Lek and General Vellajally attacked Firozabad in 1802. At the beginning of theBritish regime Firozabad was in theEtawah district and later attached to theAligarh district. WhenSadabad district was created in 1832, Firozabad was made a part of it then later in 1833 the town came under the aegis ofAgra district. In 1847 thelakh business flourished in Firozabad.[clarification needed]
In 1857, the freedom–fighting Chauhans and Aheers of Mainpuri, the Aheers Jamidar, zamindaar of Chandwar and the local Malahs all took active parts in theIndian Rebellion. NotedUrdu poet Munir Shikohabadi was sentenced toKala pani by the ruling East India Company. People from this city took part in theKhilafat Movement, theQuit India Movement and theDandi March with some participants jailed.Mahatma Gandhi visited Firozabad 1929 followed by Semant Gandhi in 1935, PanditJawaharlal Nehru in 1937 and NetajiSubhas Chandra Bose in 1940.
Firozabad district was established on February 4, 1989 by an executive order passed by the Government of Uttar Pradesh. Previously, the areas had been part ofAgra district andMainpuri district.[5]: 3
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 520,466 | — |
| 1911 | 501,357 | −0.37% |
| 1921 | 464,114 | −0.77% |
| 1931 | 487,700 | +0.50% |
| 1941 | 580,115 | +1.75% |
| 1951 | 666,941 | +1.40% |
| 1961 | 821,189 | +2.10% |
| 1971 | 1,034,964 | +2.34% |
| 1981 | 1,279,726 | +2.15% |
| 1991 | 1,555,685 | +1.97% |
| 2001 | 2,081,752 | +2.96% |
| 2011 | 2,498,156 | +1.84% |
| 2021 | 2,959,000 | +1.71% |
| source:[6] | ||
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hinduism | 85.69% | |||
| Islam | 12.60% | |||
| Jainism | 0.76% | |||
| Other or not stated | 0.95% | |||
| Distribution of religions | ||||
According to the2011 census Firozabad district has apopulation of 2,498,156,[3] roughly equal to the nation ofKuwait[8] or the US state ofNevada.[9] This gives it a ranking of 173rd in India (out of a total of640).[3] The district has a population density of 1,044 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,700/sq mi) .[3] Itspopulation growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.62%.[3] Firozabad has asex ratio of 867females for every 1000 males,[3] and aliteracy rate of 74.6%. 33.35% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes make up 18.97% of the population.[3]
At the time of the2011 Census of India, 97.03% speaksHindi as their first language and 2.6%Urdu as their first language. The local language of the district isBrajbhasha.[10]
Firozabad is a primarily rural district, with 66.6% of the population living in rural areas and 33.4% living in urban areas as of 2011. At the sub-district level, this is reversed in the case of Firozabad tehsil, where 63.2% of the population lives in urban areas.[5]: 26
All the following tables are as of 2011.
The following table shows how households get their main source of drinking water:[11]: 232–3
| Source of drinking water | Rural | Urban | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tap water (treated source) | 9.4% | 34.9% | 18.1% |
| Tap water (untreated source) | 4.0% | 12.3% | 6.8% |
| Well (covered or uncovered) | 1.34% | 0.42% | 1.02% |
| Hand pump | 81.3% | 11.5% | 57.5% |
| Tube well/borehole | 3.3% | 38.4% | 15.25% |
| All others | 0.67% | 2.62% | 1.34% |
The following table shows how households get their main source of lighting:[11]: 234–5
| Type of lighting | Rural | Urban | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electricity | 29.3% | 82.9% | 47.6% |
| Kerosene | 69.4% | 15.1% | 50.9% |
| Solar | 0.31% | 0.32% | 0.32% |
| Other oil | 0.49% | 0.32% | 0.44% |
| All others | 0.24% | 0.56% | 0.35% |
| No lighting | 0.3% | 0.84% | 0.48% |
The following table shows how households mainly go to the bathroom:[11]: 236–7
| Toilet | Rural | Urban | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flush/pour toilet, connected to sewer system | 1.6% | 16.4% | 6.6% |
| Flush/pour toilet, connected toseptic tank | 6.3% | 58.5% | 24.1% |
| Other flush/pour toilet | 1.0% | 2.0% | 1.3% |
| Pit latrine, with slab/ventilated improved | 1.8% | 2.2% | 1.9% |
| Pit latrine, without slab/open | 0.38% | 0.96% | 0.58% |
| Night soil (disposed of by self or others) | 0.42% | 2.12% | 1.01% |
| No toilet at home, use public toilets instead | 0.9% | 1.6% | 1.1% |
| Open defecation | 87.7% | 16.3% | 63.3% |
The following table sorts households by whether they have the following possessions:[11]: 242–3
| Item | Rural | Urban | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Radio | 10.6% | 10.1% | 10.4% |
| Television | 28.2% | 66.0% | 41.2% |
| Computer (with internet) | 0.6% | 3.1% | 1.4% |
| Computer (without internet) | 5.3% | 8.3% | 6.3% |
| Cell phone | 63.3% | 64.4% | 63.7% |
| Bicycle | 73.9% | 55.1% | 67.5% |
| Scooter/motorcycle/moped | 18.6% | 24.8% | 20.7% |
| Car | 1.8% | 4.3% | 2.7% |
| None of the above | 10.7% | 11.1% | 10.9% |
The city have some popular Hindu temples mainly Vaishno Devi Dham, Kela Devi Temple, Gopal Ashram (Hanuman Temple). There are manyJain temples in Firozabad including the well-known Chadamilal Jain temple, Shri Shuparshnath Jain Mandir in Gher Khokal (Mahaveer Chowk) and Chandprabhu Jain Mandir in Khidki. The two temples of Gherkhokal and Khidki are approximately 250–300 years old. The old name of Chandwar was taken from the idol of Chandprabhu made at the time ofPrithviraj Chauhan.Muhammad of Ghor attacked a holy Jain location situated 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from Firozabad 19 times. An annual fair was held in Chandwar on October 2 . The Jama Masjid, founded by the 16th century Mughal Emperor Akbar is the oldestmosque.
The district borders Etah district
to the North and Mainpuri and Etawah to the East with theYamuna River forming the southern boundary. The area of the district accounts for about 0.8 per cent of the total area of Uttar Pradesh and 1.1 per cent its population. Approximately 73.6 percent of people live in rural areas. Most of the district lies on a plain sloping from north west to south.
Firozabad has been ranked 1st best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results'
Firozabad district has good transportation links due toNational Highway 19 linkingDelhi withKolkata & Yammuna Express Way passing through it as does the busy railway route from Delhi to Kolkata. Agra is 44 km (27 mi) away, Kanpur is 250 km (160 mi) away, Delhi is 250 km (160 mi) away.
Nearest Airport is in Agra which is a domestic Airport
Nearest Railway station isFirozabad railway station in the center of Firozabad and one in Tundla named asTundla Junction.
Firozabad has a major glass industry producing products that include glass bangles and glass hardware so it is also known as Suhag Nagari.[clarification needed].Various work is done on bangles in many places known locally asgodam.
Firozabad district is divided into 5tehsils and more than 10community development blocks, as follows:[5]: 4
Sirsaganj tehsil
Firozabad district has 6 statutory towns, including 4nagar palika parishads (municipal boards) and 2nagar panchayats. There are also 3 non-statutorycensus towns in the district. The district's towns are as follows:[5]: 4, 321–3, 325
| Town name | Classification | Tehsil | Population (in 2011) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tundla | Nagar palika parishad | Tundla | 50,423 |
| Tundla Railway Colony | Census town | Tundla | 7,404 |
| Tundla Kham | Census town | Tundla | 7,079 |
| Firozabad | Nagar palika parishad | Firozabad | 604,214 |
| Fariha | Nagar panchayat | Jasrana | 6,887 |
| Jasrana | Nagar panchayat | Jasrana | 10,648 |
| Shikohabad | Nagar palika parishad | Shikohabad | 107,404 |
| Sirsaganj | Nagar palika parishad | Shikohabad | 32,098 |
| Makhanpur | Census town | Shikohabad | 7,012 |
Kuwait 2,595,62
Nevada 2,700,551
Places adjacent to Firozabad district | ||||||||||||||||
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