Fipamezole was first described in thescientific literature by 1999.[9] It was under development by Juvantia Pharma and Santhera Pharmaceuticals.[1][4] The drug reachedphase 2clinical trials prior to the discontinuation of its development.[1][4][2][3] Fipamezole missed its primary efficacy endpoint in the FJORD phase 2b trial published in 2012.[10][7]
^abcdSavola JM, Hill M, Engstrom M, Merivuori H, Wurster S, McGuire SG, et al. (August 2003). "Fipamezole (JP-1730) is a potent alpha2 adrenergic receptor antagonist that reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesia in the MPTP-lesioned primate model of Parkinson's disease".Movement Disorders.18 (8):872–883.doi:10.1002/mds.10464.PMID12889076.
^Johnston TH, Fox SH, Piggott MJ, Savola JM, Brotchie JM (October 2010). "The α₂ adrenergic antagonist fipamezole improves quality of levodopa action in Parkinsonian primates".Movement Disorders.25 (13):2084–2093.doi:10.1002/mds.23172.PMID20824735.
^abLewitt PA, Hauser RA, Lu M, Nicholas AP, Weiner W, Coppard N, et al. (July 2012). "Randomized clinical trial of fipamezole for dyskinesia in Parkinson disease (FJORD study)".Neurology.79 (2):163–169.doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31825f0451.PMID22744665.
^WO 1993/013074, Karjalainen AJ, Virtanen RE, Karjalainen AL, Eloranta MM, Salonen JS, Sipilä HT, Haapalinna AS, "Substituted imidazole derivatives and their preparation and use", published 8 July 1993, assigned to Orion Oyj
^Fox SH (September 2013). "Non-dopaminergic treatments for motor control in Parkinson's disease".Drugs.73 (13):1405–1415.doi:10.1007/s40265-013-0105-4.PMID23917951.
