Finchley
Ballards Lane, Church End, Finchley
Finchley Location withinGreater London
Population	65,812 (2011 Census[1]
OS grid reference	TQ255905
• Charing Cross	6.8 mi (10.9 km) S
London borough	Barnet
Ceremonial county	Greater London
Region	London
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	LONDON
Postcode district	N2, N3, N12, parts of N20
Dialling code	020
Police	Metropolitan
Fire	London
Ambulance	London
UK Parliament	Finchley & Golders Green
London Assembly	Barnet and Camden
List of places UK England London 51°35′56″N0°11′13″W / 51.599°N 0.187°W /51.599; -0.187

Finchley (/ˈfɪntʃli/) is a large district of north London, England, in theLondon Borough of Barnet. 7 mi (11 km) north ofCharing Cross, nearby districts include:Golders Green,Muswell Hill,Friern Barnet,Whetstone,Mill Hill andHendon.

It is predominantly a residential suburb, with three town centres:North Finchley,East Finchley andFinchley Church End (Finchley Central). Made up of four wards, the population of Finchley was 65,812 as of 2011.^[2]

Finchley probably means "Finch's clearing" or "finches' clearing" in lateAnglo-Saxon; the name was first recorded in the early 13th century.^[3] Finchley is not recorded inDomesday Book, but by the 11th century its lands were held by the Bishop of London. In the early medieval period the area was sparsely populated woodland, whose inhabitants supplied pigs and fuel to London.^[4]

Extensive cultivation began about the time of theNorman conquest. By the 15th and 16th centuries the woods on the eastern side of the parish had been cleared to formFinchley Common.^[4] The medievalGreat North Road, which ran through the common, was notorious forhighwaymen until the early 19th century.^[3]

St Mary-at-Finchley Church is first recorded in the 1270s.^[5] Near the northern gate to the Bishop of London's park, the hamlet of East End, later East Finchley, had begun to develop by 1365.^[6][7] By the 18th century Finchley was well known for the quality of its hay, which was the dominant agricultural activity until the second half of the 19th century. North Finchley only began to develop after the enclosure of the common during the 1820s.^{[citation needed]}

It formed an ancient parish in the county ofMiddlesex, originally within thehundred ofOssulstone and later becoming its ownurban district, which was then incorporated as amunicipal borough in 1933. It has been part ofGreater London since 1965.

TheEdgware, Highgate and London Railway (later theGreat Northern Railway) reached Finchley in 1867.^[8] It ran fromFinsbury Park via Finchley toEdgware. The branch from Finchley toHigh Barnet opened in 1872. In 1905tram services were established in Finchley, and extended shortly afterwards to Barnet.^[9] They were eventually replaced bytrolleybuses.^[10]

In 1933, the UndergroundNew Works Programme (1935–1940), to electrify the lines through Finchley, and connect the Northern line fromArchway toEast Finchley, via a new tunnel was announced. Much of the work was carried out and East Finchley station was rebuilt, but the project was halted by thesecond world war. All passenger services from Finchley to Edgware ended in September 1939. Nevertheless, Underground trains began running from central London to High Barnet in 1940, and toMill Hill East, to reach the army barracks, in 1941.

After the war, the introduction of London'sMetropolitan Green Belt undermined pre-war plans and the upgrading between Mill Hill East and Edgware (the 'Northern Heights' project) was abandoned, although the line continued to be used by steam trains for goods traffic through Finchley, until 1964.

From around 1547 Finchley had a parishvestry, which became a local board in 1878, anurban district council in 1895, and finally amunicipal borough council between 1933 and 1965. The area is now part of theLondon Borough of Barnet.^[11]

From 1959 to 1992 theFinchley constituency wasrepresented in Parliament byMargaret Thatcher, UKPrime Minister from 1979 to 1990.^[12] Finchley is now included in the new constituency ofFinchley and Golders Green.

In February 2010, theGreen Party held its springparty conference at theartsdepot in North Finchley.^[13]

Finchley is on a plateau, 90 metres (300 ft) above sea level 11 km (6.8 mi) north ofCharing Cross and 6 km (3.7 mi) south ofBarnet. To the west is the Dollis valley formed byDollis Brook the natural western boundary of Finchley.^[3]Mutton Brook forms the southern boundary, joining the Dollis Brook to become theRiver Brent.

Most of Finchley is onboulder clay or glacial moraine, skirted by a layer of gravel, then the underlying layer ofLondon clay. This roughly triangular gravel line was the most fertile area; hamlets which grew at the three corners evolved into Finchley's early population centres^[6] corresponding to the three town centres in the area:

• Church End, often known as "Finchley Central" (particularly since the station was renamed), the area north and west of theNorth Circular Road, centred on Ballards Lane andFinchley Central Underground station, and in postal areaN3;
• East Finchley, roughly betweenHighgate and theNorth Circular Road, and in postal areaN2;
• North Finchley, surrounding Tally-Ho corner, stretching west to theNorthern line, in postcode districtN12.

The residential areas of West Finchley, in postcode district N3, andWoodside Park, in postcode district N12, centre on their respective tube stations to the west of the area. Between East Finchley and Finchley Central is Long Lane, which runs parallel to the tube line and is dotted with small shopping parades.

The area of London known as 'Finchley Road', aroundFinchley Road Underground station, is not part of Finchley, but instead refers to a district further south atSwiss Cottage,Camden. The area is named after a section of theA41 road, which runs north toGolders Green and eventually continues toHenlys Corner on theNorth Circular Road and on to Finchley.

According to the2011 UK Census in Finchley Church End ward, 67% of the population was White (47% British, 18% Other, 2% Irish), 8% South Asian and 6% Other Asian. The largest religion wasJudaism, claimed by 31% of the population, whereas Christians made up 28%.^[14] West Finchley ward was 61% White (40% British, 18% Other, 3% Irish), 13% South Asian and 8% Other Asian.^[15]

St Mary's at Finchley is the parish church, with parts dating from the 13th century.

College Farm is the last farm in Finchley; it was a model dairy farm, then a visitor attraction. ThePhoenix Cinema in East Finchley with its 1930s art deco façade is one of the oldest purpose-built cinemas in the United Kingdom.

TheSternberg Centre forJudaism in the old Manor House (formerly convent and school of St Mary Auxiliatrice) at 80 East End Road in Finchley is a Jewish cultural centre. It was founded to facilitate Reform and Liberal Jewish institutions,^{[clarification needed]} attached to the Movement for Reform Judaism.

The Archer, on East Finchley tube station, is a 10-foot-tall (3.0 m) statue byEric Aumonier of a kneeling archer having just released an arrow. The statueLa Délivrance depicts a naked woman holding a sword (and is informally known as theNaked Lady); it stands at the approach to Finchley from the south, in a grassed area beside Regent's Park Road, just north ofHenlys Corner.

Transport for London is responsible for transport in Finchley.Finchley has fourLondon Underground stations, all on the High Barnet branch of the Northern line, which serves the West End and City (financial district).

• East Finchley in zone three, serves East Finchley and is 21 minutes from Charing Cross.
• Finchley Central in zone four, serves Finchley, Church End and is 25 minutes from Charing Cross.
• West Finchley in zone four, serves North Finchley and is 27 minutes from Charing Cross.
• Woodside Park in zone four, serves North Finchley and is 29 minutes from Charing Cross.
• Whetstone in zone four, serves Whetstone / sections of North Finchley and is 31 minutes from Charing Cross.

Two of London's major roads, the east–westA406 North Circular Road and the north–southA1 meet and briefly merge atHenlys Corner at the southern edge of Finchley.

North Finchley bus station is a hub with nine bus routes using bus stops around Tally Ho Corner.^[16]

There are 17primary schools in the district.^[17]

There are sevensecondary schools:

• The Archer Academy^[18]
• Bishop Douglass Catholic School^[19]
• Christ's College Finchley^[20]
• The Compton^[21]
• Finchley Catholic High School^[22]
• St. Michael's Catholic Grammar School^[23]
• Wren Academy^[24]

There is also a secondaryspecial school, Oak Lodge Special School inEast Finchley.

Woodhouse College inNorth Finchley, on the site of the old Woodhouse Grammar School, is one of two colleges in the borough.^[17]

The local football team Old Finchleians (nicknamed the OFs) formed in 1901 who play home games at The Old Finchleians Memorial Ground in Southover and are members of the Southern Amateur League.

Wingate & Finchley plays in the premier division of theIsthmian league. The club was formed in 1991 following the merger between Finchley Football Club (est. 1874) andWingate Football Club (est. 1946). Although the club is sometimes incorrectly perceived to be exclusivelyJewish, it is open to people of every religion and ethnic background. Wingate & Finchley play home games at Summers Lane, N12.

The local rugby team is Finchley RFC. Finchley Cricket Club (founded 1832), plays in the Middlesex premier league, at Arden Field, East End Road, N3.^[25] Finchley golf club on Frith Lane was designed by five-times Open Champion James Braid. Ken Brown, Ryder Cup player and BBC presenter, described it as "The best presented golf course for club play that I have seen in years".

Finchley Victoria Bowls and Croquet Club, with two greens and a modern clubhouse inVictoria Park, offerslawn bowls,croquet andpétanque facilities in the summer and year-round social activities.

Veolia Water Central Limited, formerlyThree Valleys Water, supplies Finchley's water; the area is in the southeast corner of the company's water supply area.^[26]EDF Energy Networks is theDistribution network operator licensed to distribute electricity from the transmission grid to homes and businesses in Finchley.^{[citation needed]}

Finchley Memorial Hospital, on Granville Road, North Finchley, was a small NHS hospital administered by NHS Barnet, aprimary care trust. Built with local donations in 1908 it was originally Finchley Cottage Hospital, renamed and expanded after theFirst World War as a war memorial.^[27] A modern new hospital on adjacent land opened in September 2012; the old hospital buildings were demolished.

London Ambulance Service responds tomedical emergencies in Finchley. Policing in Finchley is by theMetropolitan Police Service.Statutory emergency fire service is byLondon Fire Brigade, which has a station on Long Lane.

Theartsdepot, a community arts centre including a gallery, studio and theatre, opened in 2004, at Tally Ho Corner, North Finchley.^[28]

Finchley Film Makers was founded as the Finchley Amateur Cine Society in 1930, making it one of the oldest clubs in the Country. It meets at the Quaker Meeting House in Alexandra Grove, North Finchley.

Victoria Park is off Ballards Lane between North Finchley and Finchley Central. It was proposed in 1887 to mark Queen Victoria's golden jubilee and opened in 1902 to be Finchley's first public park.^[29] It is home to tennis courts and Finchley Victoria Bowling and Croquet Club. There is also a small nature reserve adjacent to theNorth Circular Road known asLong Lane Pasture.

Avenue House in East End Road was built in 1859. In 1874 it was acquired byHenry Charles Stephens, known as "Inky" Stephens, the son of the inventor of indelible blue-black inkDr Henry Stephens. On his death in 1918 he bequeathed the house and its grounds for 'Public enjoyment subject to reasonable rules'. The estate, a private garden to which public access is granted, is now known as Stephens House and Gardens and managed from 2002 on a 125-year lease by Avenue House Estate Trust, an independent charity.

It has a visitor centre with a small museum, the Stephens Collection, which covers the history of the Stephens family, the Stephens Ink company and the history of writing materials. The bequest also includedAvenue House Grounds, designed by the leading nineteenth-century landscape gardenerRobert Marnock. This has a tearoom, a children's playground, a walled garden and building called The Bothy, a pond and rare trees. A recent attraction is abronze statue ofSpike Milligan sitting on a bench.^[30]

William Hogarth painted his satiricalMarch of the Guards to Finchley in 1750. It is a depiction of a fictional mustering of troops on London'sTottenham Court Road to march north to Finchley to defend the capital from the secondJacobite rebellion of 1745.

A number of fictional characters have been associated with the area, including:

• InCharles Dickens'The Old Curiosity Shop Mr Garland, one of the principal characters, lives in "Abel Cottage, Finchley".^[31]
• InMore Peers, a book of comic verse byHilaire Belloc, one of the poems is about Lord Finchley.
• Bluebottle, a character in the 1950sBBC radio seriesThe Goon Show, hails from East Finchley.^[32]Peter Sellers, who played Bluebottle, lived in the area at one time.
• In the Disney film seriesThe Chronicles of Narnia,the Pevensies are from Finchley.^[33] Inthe original book series, it is not specified which part of London they are from.

TheMonty Python's Flying Circus comedy sketch "The Funniest Joke in the World" is set in Finchley.

In various episodes of the Channel 4 comedyPeep Show Finchley is used as an on-site shooting location.

The background of the cover ofIron Maiden's second studio album,Killers, depicts Etchingham Court, North Finchley, where artistDerek Riggs lived at the time.

The 2013David Bowie song 'Dirty Boys' onThe Next Day album makes reference to Finchley Fair.^[34]

In birth order

• Sir Thomas Allen (1603–1681), politician and lawyer, died in Finchley.
• Thomas Pengelly (1650–1696), wealthy merchant, gave lodging toRichard Cromwell after theRestoration at a property he owned in Finchley.
• William Lawson (1774–1850), one of three earliest British explorers to cross the Blue Mountains inAustralia, was born in Finchley.
• Rudolph Ackermann (1764–1834), Anglo-German inventor and bookseller, died in Finchley.
• Henry Stephens (1796–1864), who founded the Stephens Ink company, and his sonHenry Charles Stephens, who was the localMember of Parliament (MP) from 1887 until 1900, lived in Finchley: Henry Charles inAvenue House which he left, in 1918, as a bequest to the people of Finchley, along with its grounds, now known as Stephens House and Gardens.
• Sir William Shee (1804–1868), the firstRoman Catholicjudge to sit inEngland and Wales since theReformation, lived in Finchley.^[3]
• The novelistCharles Dickens (1812–1870) wroteMartin Chuzzlewit while staying at Cobley Farm near Bow Lane, North Finchley.^[35]
• Owen Suffolk (born 1829), Australian poet, autobiographer and confidence trickster, was born in Finchley.
• Octavia Hill (1838–1912), a social reformer and a founder of theNational Trust,Kyrle Society and theArmy Cadet movement lived at Brownswell Cottages on the High Road in East Finchley just south of the junction with theNorth Circular Road today.^[36][37]
• L. S. Bevington (1845–1895), anarchist poet, essayist and journalist, died and was buried in Finchley.^[38]
• Sid Penny (1875–1965), Rugby Union player forLeicester Tigers and England
• Dora Boothby (1881–1970),Wimbledon-champion tennis player, was born in Finchley.
• Eric Blore (1887–1959), actor, was born in Finchley.
• PrivateJohn Parr (1897–1914), the first British soldier and the first soldier of theCommonwealth killed inWorld War I, was born inChurch End Finchley, and lived at 52 Lodge Lane, North Finchley.
• Harry Beck (1902–1974), an engineeringdraftsman who created the presentLondon UndergroundTube map in 1931,^[39] lived in Finchley. There is a plaque commemorating him along with a copy of his original map on the southbound platform at Finchley Central tube station.
• Terry-Thomas (1911–1990), comedian and actor, was born in Finchley.
• Gwilym Williams (1913–1990), a prominent figure in theAnglican Church who served as Bishop of Bangor and Archbishop of Wales.
• Wing CommanderIan Richard Gleed (1916–1943), World War IIflying ace later revealed to have been gay, was born in Finchley.
• Vera Lynn (1917–2020), singer, and her husbandHarry Lewis (1915–1998), a saxophonist, lived in on Hendon Avenue in the 1950s and 1960s.^[40][41]
• Spike Milligan (1918–2002), the comedian who was chief creator and main writer ofThe Goon Show, lived in Woodside Park from 1955 to 1974. He was president and patron of the Finchley Society.^[42] His statue, sitting on a bench, occupies a prominent position at Stephens House and Gardens.
• Betty Driver (1920–2011), singer and actress, lived on Hendon Avenue in the 1950s with her husband, singer and theatrical agentWally Petersen.^[43][40]
• Margaret Thatcher (1925–2013), UK Prime Minister 1979–1990, wasConservativeMember of Parliament (MP) for Finchley from 1959 to 1992,^[12] although she lived inChelsea before her time inDowning Street.
• Peter Cleall (born 1944), actor and actors' agent, was born in Finchley.
• Jennie Stoller (1946–2018), actress, was born in Finchley
• Rick Wills (born 1947), bass guitar, member of theBad Company,Foreigner,Jokers Wild,Small Faces andThe Jones Gang, was born in Finchley.
• John Zarnecki (born 1949),space scientist, was born in Finchley.
• Jonathan Sacks (Lord Sacks) (1948–2020), Chief Rabbi, grew up in Finchley.
• Morgan Fisher (born 1950), keyboardist, member of theMott the Hoople, lives in Finchley.
• Jerry Shirley (born 1952), drummer, member of theHumble Pie, was born in Finchley.
• Geoff Travis (born 1952), record company founder, grew up in Finchley.
• Tim Parks (born 1954), writer, grew up in Finchley.
• Steve Richards (born 1960), journalist, grew up in Finchley.
• Will Self (born 1961), writer, went to school in Finchley.
• John Bercow (born 1963), formerSpeaker of the House of Commons, grew up in Finchley^[44] and was a member of Finchley Young Conservatives.^[45]
• George Michael (1963–2016), singer, was born in East Finchley.
• Mark Thomson (born 1963), professional darts player, lives in Finchley.
• Dave Colwell (born 1964), guitarist, member of theBad Company,Samson andHumble Pie, was born in Finchley.
• Ram Vaswani (born c. 1970), professionalsnooker and thenpoker player, lives in Finchley.
• Emma Bunton (born 1976), singer, member of theSpice Girls, was born in Finchley.
• Demis Hassabis (born 1976), artificial intelligence researcher and founder ofDeepMind, grew up in Finchley.^[46]
• Jade Jones (born 1979), singer, member of theDamage, lives in Finchley.
• Jacob Collier (born 1994), composer and multi-instrumentalist, lives and records music in Finchley.
• Anna Popplewell (born 1988), actress

Finchley Borough had fourtwin towns; the London Borough of Barnet continues these links.

• Jinja, Uganda, since 1963^[47]
• Le Raincy, France, since 1962^[48]
• Montclair, United States, since 1945^[49]
• Siegen-Wittgenstein, Germany, since 1951^[50]

• 
  Dollis Brook Viaduct
• 
  Art Deco 'Archer' Statue atEast Finchley Tube Station byEric Aumonier
• 
  ThePhoenix Cinema
• 
  Route ofEdgware, Highgate and London Railway highlighted on a 1900 map

• TheFinchley Gap – a corridor of low-lying land between the drainage basin of the rivers Colne to the north and Brent to the west, possibly the remains of an Ice age overflow channel.

• James Thorne (1876)."Finchley".Handbook to the Environs of London. London: John Murray.hdl:2027/mdp.39015063815669.
• Lawrence, G. R. P. (1964).Village into Borough(PDF) (2nd ed.). Finchley Public Libraries Committee.OCLC 899240019.Archived(PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
• Stephens, H. C. (1893).Parochial Self-government in Rural Districts: Argument and Plan (2nd ed.). London: Longmans, Green & Co. (Includes Finchley Vestry minutes 1780 to 1841)

Wikimedia Commons has media related toFinchley.

• The Finchley Society
• The Finchley Arrow
• "Finchley" .Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.

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