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Filippo Antonio Gualterio | |
|---|---|
| Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prassede | |
 Portrait. | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Appointed | 31 July 1726 |
| Term ended | 21 April 1728 |
| Predecessor | Giuseppe Sacripante |
| Successor | Luigi Pico della Mirandola |
| Previous posts | Titular Archbishop of Athenæ (1700–01) Apostolic Nuncio to France (1700–01) Bishop of Imola (1701–09) Cardinal-Priest of San Crisogono (1708–25) Bishop of Todi (1709–14) Camerlengo of the College of Cardinals (1712–13) Cardinal-Priest of Santa Cecilia (1725–26) |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 16 May 1700 by François de Mailly |
| Created cardinal | 17 May 1706 byPope Clement XI |
| Rank | Cardinal-Priest |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Filippo Antonio Gualterio 24 March 1660 |
| Died | 21 April 1728(1728-04-21) (aged 68) Rome, Papal States |
| Buried | Orvieto Cathedral |
| Parents | Stanislao Gualterio Anna Maria Cioli |
Filippo Antonio Gualterio (24 March 1660 – 21 April 1728) was made apapal nuncio to France (1700–1706) and acardinal of the Catholic Church from 1706.
Descended from the ancientGualterio family ofOrvieto related toPope Innocent X, he was the uncle of Cardinal Luigi Gualterio.
Born atFermo, whosearchdiocese was governed by his grand-uncle CardinalCarlo Gualterio, he was the eldest of 17 children of Stanislao Gualterio,Gonfaloniere ofOrvieto, and Anna Maria Cioli, noble ofTodi.[1] He received doctorates at the University of Fermo in philosophy, theology, andutroque iure, both canon and civil law.
Beginning in 1685, when he was madeGovernor ofSan Severino, he served in various governorates of thePapal States until he was sent asVice-legate toAvignon (1696–1700), where he carried himself so well he was madepapal nuncio to the court of KingLouis XIV of France in April 1700, in preparation for which he was made titular archbishop of Atena at the end of March. On 16 May 1700, he wasconsecrated bishop byFrançois de Mailly,Archbishop of Arles.[1][2] Another member of his family, Sebastiano Gualterio, had already served as nuncio to France in 1554.
An avid collector, in 1715 he became an honorary member of theAcadémie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, and was a regular visitor toFrançois Roger de Gaignières. He amassed a library of 10,000 to 12,000 rare volumes, which was purchased by Cardinal Corsini, who incorporated it into his own, and who, having become Pope under the name ofClement XII (1730), made it accessible to the public.[3] He befriendedLouis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simonand, according to Boislisle, they maintained an encrypted correspondence that has now disappeared, probably destroyed at the Duke's request. Many of his letters are preserved in the British Library (London).
During his nunciature he established ties with prominent members of the European nobility and, in particular, with theDuc of Saint-Simon, who often mentions him in theMemoirs. In recognition of the esteem he gained from King Louis XIV, he was named thecommendatory abbot of the Abbey ofSaint-Remy inRheims (1710) and of theAbbey of Saint-Victor inParis (1713 or 1714).
Gualterio was transferred to the bishopric of Imola in 1701, with the personal title of archbishop. He was recalled from Paris to be created cardinal in the consistory of 17 May 1706 and sent as legate toRomagna, 25 June. He returned from his nunciature in Paris and arrived in Imola in December 1706, but did not stay long.
He was cardinal-priest ofSt. Chrysogonus in 1708, then ofSanta Cecilia in Trastevere in 1724, and finally ofSanta Prassede in 1726.
Gualterio was nominatedCardinal Protector of Scotland, as of 1706, andEngland, as of 1717, he was one of the closest advisers to theStuart Pretender, James Stuart, the would-be James VIII of Scotland,[4] who conferred upon his brother Giovanni Battista theJacobite title ofEarl of Dundee.[5]
In 1709 Gualterio was transferred to theDiocese of Todi, with the personal title of archbishop, later resigning the see in favour of his brother, Ludovico Anselmo Gualterio, 5 December 1714. He participated in thePapal conclave, 1721, which electedPope Innocent XIII and in theconclave of 1724, which electedPope Benedict XIII.
Founder of a monumental library, now part of theAccademia dei Lincei, and of a vast collection of art, which after his death was partly acquired byHans Sloane and is now at theBritish Museum.
Gualterio's remains were transferred to the tomb of his family in the Chapel of the Madonna di San Brizio in theCathedral of Orvieto, alongside his uncle Gianotto Gualterio, his great-uncle Carlo, both archbishops of Fermo, and his brother Ludovico Anselmo, bishop of Todi. The Gualterio papers are conserved at theBritish Library.
| Catholic Church titles | ||
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| Preceded by | Titular Archbishop of Athenae 1700–1706 | Succeeded by Giuseppe Vallemani |
| Preceded by | Apostolic Nuncio to France 1700–1706 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Archbishop (Personal Title) of Imola 1701–1714 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Cardinal-Priest ofSan Crisogono 1708–1724 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Bishop of Todi 1709–1714 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Cardinal-Priest ofSanta Cecilia 1724–1726 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Cardinal-Priest ofSanta Prassede 1726–1728 | Succeeded by |
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