| DescriptionIPA-euler-manners-features.svg | English: An Euler diagram illustrating common pulmonic speech sounds, represented in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), and theirmanners of articulation, and a typical classification of them based ondistinctive phonological features. Symbols are hard-coded in theCharis SIL font. Laryngeal sounds are not included because descriptions of their manners of articulation vary. Sources for the classification includeZsiga (2013),Gussenhoven & Jacobs (2011) andLadefoged & Maddison (1996). Actual usage of the terms and symbols in literature varies greatly depending on language and author. The diagram uses phonetic symbols as defined in theIPA chart, which literature does not always do: particularly the symbols for voiced non-sibilant fricatives are often used to represent homorganic approximants; ⟨r⟩ is often used to represent any rhotic (or any liquid) when there is no contrasting rhotic (liquid). All non-obstruents (including vowels) are sonorants. All non-vocoids are contoids ([+consonantal]). All non-vowels are consonants ([−syllabic]). Taps/flaps are sometimes deemed continuant. Laterals are sometimes deemed not continuant. Plosives are often referred to as(oral) stops. Semivowels are often referred to asglides. Bahasa Indonesia: Diagram Euler yang melambangkan suara pelafalan tekanan paru-paru yang mudah ditemui. Pelambangan suara tersebut dilambangkan denganAlfabet Fonetik Internasional (IPA/AFI), dengan keterangan mengenaidaerah artikulasi, dan klasifikasi tipikal menurutperbedaan fitur fonologikal. Simbol yang tertera dikodekan dalam fonharis SIL. Suara-suara laringal tidak tercantum dikarenakan daerah artikulasinya dikatakan sangat beragam. Sumber untuk klasifikasi sebagai berikut:Zsiga (2013),Gussenhoven & Jacobs (2011), danLadefoged & Maddison (1996). Penggunaan simbol dan istilah dilapangan terkadang beragam, tergantung dengan bahasa dan penerbit/penulis. Diagram diatas menggubakan simbol fonetik yang tercantum di dalambagan IPA/AFI. Simbol tersebut terkadang tidak digunakan selaras dalam beberapa bacaan: misalkan, simbol untuk konsonan geser nirdesis bersuara terkadang digunakan untuk melambangkan konsonan hampiran homorganik, ⟨r⟩ seringkali digunakan untuk melambangkan hampir s emua fonem rhotik (dan likuida), ataupun saat tidak adanya fonem rhotik yang kontras satu sama lainnya (likuida). Semua fonem nirobstruen (termasuk vokal) digolongkan sebagai sonoran. Semua fonem nirvokoid digolongkan sebagai konsoid ([+konsonantal]). Semua fonem nirvokal digolongkan sebagai konsonan ([−suku kata/silabik). Kepakan terkadang dianggap sebagai fonem berkelanjutan, sedangkan sisian dianggap sebagai fonem tak berkelanjutan. Letupan biasanya juga disebut sebagaihentian (oral/mulut). Semivokal biasanya disebut sebagaiglida ataupunglides. |
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| Source | Own work |
| Author | Nardog |
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| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 10:59, 18 December 2022 | 654 × 686(175 KB) | Nyilvoskt | File uploaded using svgtranslate tool (https://svgtranslate.toolforge.org/). Added translation for id. | |
| 23:04, 25 August 2020 | 654 × 686(171 KB) | Nardog | minor adjustment | ||
| 22:25, 25 August 2020 | 654 × 686(171 KB) | Nardog | fix | ||
| 20:05, 25 August 2020 | 654 × 686(171 KB) | Nardog | continuant fix, adjustments | ||
| 14:59, 23 August 2020 | 654 × 686(172 KB) | Nardog | classification of [ʍ] as an approximant is controversial at best | ||
| 02:56, 2 January 2018 | 654 × 686(174 KB) | Nardog | =={{int:filedesc}}== {{Information |description={{en|1=An Euler diagram illustrating common pulmonic speech sounds, represented by thew:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), and theirmanners of articulation, and a t... |
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