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Field marshal (Russia)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromField marshal (Russian Empire))
Highest Imperial Russian military rank

TheField Marshals' Hall of theWinter Palace. Russiancuirassiers can be seen observing the paintings.
Uniform of a Russian General-feldmarshal (1793).

General-feldmarshal (Russian:Генерал-фельдмаршал, fromGerman:general-feldmarschall) was, with the exception ofGeneralissimo, thehighestmilitary rank of theRussian Empire. It was amilitary rank of the 1st class in theImperial Russian Army and equal to those ofChancellor andActive Privy Councillor, 1st class in civil service, andGeneral Admiral in theImperial Russian Navy.[1][2][3] After theRussian Revolution of 1917 the rank wasabolished, alongside theTable of Ranks. In 1935 however, theRed Army introduced the equivalent rank of "Marshal of the Soviet Union" (Russian:Маршал Советского Союза) as the highestmilitary rank of theSoviet Union, when ranks were restored underStalin's rule.

List

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The rank offield marshal was bestowed on the following 64 Imperial Russian Armyofficers:[4]

AppointedPortraitNameLifespan
1700Count Fyodor Golovin1650–1706
1701Count Boris Sheremetev1652–1719
1709Prince Alexander Danilovich Menshikov1673–1729
1725Prince Anikita Repnin1668–1726
1725Prince Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn1675–1730
1726Count Jacob Bruce1670–1735
1726Jan Kazimierz SapiehaBefore 1679–1730
1728Prince Ivan Trubetskoy1667–1750
1728Prince Vasily Vladimirovich Dolgorukov1667–1746
1732Count Burkhard Christoph von Münnich1683–1767
1736Count Peter von Lacy1678–1751
1742Prince Ludwig Gruno von Hesse-Homburg1705–1745
1756Stepan Apraksin1702–1758
1756Prince Nikita Trubetskoy1699–1767
1756Count Alexander Buturlin1694–1767
1756Count Alexei Razumovsky1709–1771
1759Count Pyotr Saltykov1698–1772
1761Count Alexander Ivanovich Shuvalov1710–1771
1761Count Pyotr Ivanovich Shuvalov1711–1762
1761Peter August Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck1697–1775
1762Prince Georg Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp1719–1763
1762Count Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin1693–1766
1762Prince Nikita Trubetskoy1699–1769
1764Count Kirill Razumovsky1728–1803
1769Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Golitsyn1718–1783
1770Count Pyotr Rumyantsev1725–1796
1773Count Zakhar Chernyshev1722–1784
1784Prince Grigory Potemkin1739–1791
1794Prince Aleksandr Suvorov1729–1800
1796Count Ivan Saltykov1730–1805
1796Prince Nikolai Vasilyevich Repnin1734–1801
1796Prince Nikolai Saltykov1736–1816
1796Count Ivan Chernyshyov1726–1797
1797Count Johann Martin von Elmpt1725–1802
1797Count Valentin Musin-Pushkin1735–1804
1797Count Mikhail Kamensky1738–1809
1797Victor François de Broglie, 2nd Duke of Broglie1718–1804
1807Prince Alexander Prozorovsky1732–1809
1807Count Ivan Gudovich1741–1820
1812Prince Mikhail Golenischev-Kutuzov1745–1813
1814Prince Mikhail Barclay de Tolly1761–1818
1825Prince Fabian Gottlieb von der Osten-Sacken1752–1837
1826Ludwig Adolph Peter, Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg-Ludwigsburg1769–1843
1829Prince Ivan Paskevich1782–1856
1829Count Hans Karl von Diebitsch-Zabalkansky1785–1831
1850Prince Pyotr Volkonsky1776–1852
1856Prince Mikhail Vorontsov1782–1856
1859Prince Aleksandr Baryatinsky1815–1879
1866Count Friedrich Wilhelm Rembert von Berg1793–1874
1878Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich1831–1891
1878Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich1832–1909
1894Count Iosif Vladimirovich Gurko1828–1901
1898Count Dmitry Milyutin1816–1912

Honorific rank to foreigners

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The honorific rank of field marshal was also bestowed on several foreign citizens:

Epaulette ofField marshal of RussianVyborg 85th Infantry Regiment ofGerman Emperor Wilhelm II
Epaulette of Field marshal of RussianVologda 18th Infantry Regiment ofRomanian King Carol I
Uniform of Field marshal of Russian 15th Firing Regiment ofMontenegrin King Nicholas I
AppointedPortraitNameLifespan
1700Holy Roman EmpireCharles Eugène, Duc de Croy1651–1702
1762Schleswig-HolsteinCharles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck1690–1774
1774HesseLouis IX of Hesse-Darmstadt1719–1790
1818[5]United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandArthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington1769–1852
1836Austrian EmpireJosef Graf zu Radetzky von Radetz1766–1858
1837Austrian EmpireArchduke Johann of Austria1782–1859
1872German EmpireHelmuth Graf von Moltke1800–1891
1872Austria-HungaryArchduke Albrecht of Austria1817–1895
1872German EmpireAlbert, Crown Prince of Saxony1828–1902
1872German EmpirePrince Friedrich Karl Alexander of Prussia1801–1883
1872German EmpirePrince Friedrich Karl Nikolaus of Prussia1828–1885
1872German EmpirePrince Friedrich Heinrich Albrecht of Prussia1809–1872
1872German EmpireCrown Prince Friedrich of Prussia1831–1888
1888[6]German EmpireWilhelm II, German Emperor1859–1941
1910Kingdom of MontenegroKing Nicholas I of Montenegro1841–1921
1912Kingdom of RomaniaKing Carol I of Romania1839–1914

See also

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References

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  1. ^Segrillo, Angelo (November 2016)."A First Complete Translation into English of Peter the Great's Original Table of Ranks: Observations on the Occurrence of a Black Hole in the Translation of Russian Historical Documents"(PDF). lea.vitis.uspnet.usp.br.
  2. ^"Table of Ranks".Global Security. globalsecurity.org. Retrieved27 December 2016.
  3. ^"Peter the Great's Table of Ranks".The University of Virginia. faculty.virginia.edu. Archived fromthe original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved27 December 2016.
  4. ^(in Russian)Генерал-фельдмаршалы Российской империи
  5. ^James William Edmund Doyle (1886)."Wellington".The Official Baronage of England: Showing the Succession, Dignities, and Offices of Every Peer from 1066 to 1885. Vol. 3. London: Longmans Green and Co. pp. 615–620.
  6. ^Полное собрание законов Российской Империи. Собрание третье. Том VIII: 1888 год (Приказы № 4933–5685).Приказ №5356 от 14 июня 1888 года.
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