Fethiye (Turkish pronunciation:[ˈfethije]) is a municipality anddistrict ofMuğla Province,Turkey.[3] Its area is 875 km2,[4] and its population is 177,702 (2022).[2] It is one of the prominent tourist destinations in theTurkish Riviera. It was formerly known asMakri, andMeğri.
Fethiye was formerly known asMakri (Greek:Μάκρη)[5][6], orMacri.[7] Modern Fethiye is located on the site of the ancient city ofTelmessos, the ruins of which can be seen in the city, e.g. theHellenistictheatre by the main quay.
A Lycian legend explains the source of the name Telmessos as follows: The godApollo falls in love with the youngest daughter of the King ofPhoenicia,Agenor. He disguises himself as a small dog and thus, gains the love of the shy, withdrawn daughter. After he reappears as a handsome man, they have a son, who they name 'Telmessos' (the land of lights).[citation needed]
The city became part of thePersian Empire after the invasion of the Persian generalHarpagos in 547 BC, along with other Lycian andCarian cities. Telmessos then joined theAttic-Delos Union (Delian League) established in mid-5th century BC. and, although it later left the union and became an independent city, it continued its relations with the union until the 4th century BC.[citation needed]
Very little is known of the city during theByzantine times. Surviving buildings attest to considerable prosperity duringlate Antiquity, but most were abandoned in the 7th–8th centuries due to theArab-Byzantine Wars.[citation needed] The city was fortified in the 8th century, and appears as "Telmissos orAnastasioupolis" ca. 800. By the 10th century, the ancient name was forgotten and it became known asMakre orMakri (Μάκρη, "long one"), from the name of the island at the entrance to the harbour.[5] There are signs of renewed prosperity in the 12-13th centuries: the city walls were enlarged, a report from 1106 names Makre a centre for perfume production, and geographical works from the 13th century describe the city as a commercial center. The area was conquered by the Turks in the late 12th or early 13th century.[6]
Telmessos was ruled by theAnatolian beylik ofMenteşe starting in 1284, under the nameBeskaza.
It became part of theOttoman Empire in 1424, and was called مكرىMeğri until 1934.[8]
In 1934, the city was renamed Fethiye in honor of CaptainFethi Bey [de], one of the first pilots of theOttoman Air Force, who died (together with First LieutenantTayyareci Sadık Bey [tr]) during an airplane crash on 27 February 1914 nearAl-Samra, while attempting to complete the first flight fromIstanbul toCairo.[9]
Fethiye has experienced many powerful and occasionally destructive earthquakes, most notably the1957 Fethiye earthquakes on 24–25 April with 67 casualties and 3,200 damaged or destroyed buildings, which constituted 90% of the buildings in the entire city.[13] The town has been rebuilt since then and now has a modern harbor and a marina.
On 14 January 1969, Fethiye was struck by an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.2, which caused no deaths, but there were some injuries and significant damage to buildings.[14]
On 10 June 2012, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.1, struck Fethiye. There was no loss of life, but there were some injuries and many houses and workplaces were damaged.[15]
Fethiye is one of Turkey's well-known tourist centers and is especially popular during the summer. The Fethiye Museum, which is rich inancient and more recentartifacts, displays and testifies to the successive chain ofcivilizations that existed in the area, starting with the ancientLycians.
Some of the historical sites worth visiting are:Kadyanda (Cadyanda) ancient city,Kayaköy - the abandoned Greek village, Afkule, Gemiler and Aya Nikola. Fethiye is also home to theTomb of Amyntas, a large tomb built in 350 BC by the Lycians.[16]
The island of Kızılada in the Gulf of Fethiye, 4 mi (6.4 km) off the city,[17] is a popular stopover for boat tours. Alternatively, there are great diving sites, Afkule being one of the most famous.[18] TheKızılada Lighthouse on the island houses a seafood restaurant and a hostel with nine rooms.[19]
Fethiye has aMediterranean climate consisting of hot, long and dry summers with an average of 34 °C (93 °F) in the daytime. Climate change is affecting the temperatures with the summers becoming hotter and drier than previously. The winters are mild and rainy with a daytime average of 16 °C (61 °F).
Dalaman Airport serves the Fethiye areas. Public transport is by (intercity-)bus[25] and by minibus, commonly known in Turkey asdolmuş (dol-moosh)[26] and numerous routes connect Fethiye withÖlüdeniz, Yaniklar, Kargi, Hisaronu, Ovacik, Seydikemer, Karaçulha.
The overall metropolitan area of the city of Fethiye stretches inland from the harbor for more than 11 km, incorporating several villages into the city. To the north of the city center is the area of Çalış Plajı (Beach), which incorporates the main street ofBarış Manço Bulvarı alongside an extensive promenade along the coast, on which a lot of hotels are based. This beach serves as Fethiye's beach in its own right, since Fethiye does not actually have one itself. To the east, lie the areas of Günlükbaşı, Çamköy, Cumhuriyet, and also Esenköy to the south-east. The city center is defined as the area between the Marina and the Fethiye Market near the football stadium. Approximately 4 km to the south-west and south respectively, lie the towns ofKayaköy andÖlüdeniz, the latter being world-famous for its beach spit and associated Blue Lagoon. The opportunity for paragliding is available from the mountain of Babadağ in Ölüdeniz, from various extreme sports companies located in the area.
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