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 Ferrari 312 B2 of 1972 | |||||||||
| Category | Formula One | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constructor | Scuderia Ferrari | ||||||||
| Designer | Mauro Forghieri | ||||||||
| Predecessor | 312 | ||||||||
| Successor | 312T | ||||||||
| Technical specifications | |||||||||
| Chassis | Aluminiummonocoque | ||||||||
| Suspension (front) | Double wishbone, inboardspring/damper | ||||||||
| Suspension (rear) | Double wishbone suspension | ||||||||
| Engine | FerrariTipo 001 2,992 cc (182.6 cu in),Flat-12,naturally aspirated,mid-engine,longitudinally mounted | ||||||||
| Transmission | Ferrari Type 621 5-speedmanual | ||||||||
| Fuel | Shell Agip | ||||||||
| Tyres | 1970-72:Firestone 1973-75Goodyear | ||||||||
| Competition history | |||||||||
| Notable entrants | Scuderia Ferrari | ||||||||
| Notable drivers |  Mario Andretti Niki Lauda Clay Regazzoni Jacky Ickx | ||||||||
| Debut | 1970 South African Grand Prix (312B) 1971 Monaco Grand Prix (312B2) 1973 Spanish Grand Prix (312B3) | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Constructors' Championships | 1 (1975) | ||||||||
| Drivers' Championships | 1 (1975,Niki Lauda) | ||||||||
Unless otherwise stated, all data refer to Formula One World Championship Grands Prix only. | |||||||||
TheFerrari 312B is aFormula Oneracing car designed and built byScuderia Ferrari. It was the successor to theFerrari 312 and was used from 1970 until early 1975. The original 312B was developed into the312B2 and312B3.
The early 1970s saw the return of success to the Scuderia; the unluckyChris Amon left, whileJacky Ickx returned and was joined byClay Regazzoni. Under the direction ofMauro Forghieri, Ferrari developed a newTipo 001 flat-12 engine, colloquially referred to as a "boxer" (although not a real boxer engine), giving a lowercenter of gravity and a clear airflow beneath the rear wing.
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During the car's first season, in1970, Ickx battled withLotus'sJochen Rindt and won three Grands Prix, while theItalian Grand Prix was won byClay Regazzoni, following the death of Rindt in a practice session preceding the race. In the remaining races, Ickx could not close the points gap to Rindt for the drivers title, and Lotus won the Constructors Championship ahead of Ferrari.
The1971 season started with a win by new signingMario Andretti. Although being presented in January, the312 B2 debuted at the third round inMonaco, followed by theDutch Grand Prix success for Ickx. However the B2 suffered with handling problems: the combination of the innovative rear suspension and the new Firestone tyres gave severe vibrations when driven close to the limit. Forghieri designed and fitted winglets to the front wings of the car for the British Grand Prix that year; however these were not seen again afterwards. Ferrari ultimately came third in the Constructors Championship, asJackie Stewart andTyrrell dominated the season.
In1972 Ferrari fielded a revised B2 with a more conventional rear suspension, but could not keep up with the progress of the competition, dropping to fourth at the end of the year. Ickx won the1972 German Grand Prix at theNürburgring, but this was to be his last GP win.
During the season, Forghieri experimented with a new front bodywork that was very similar to the front bodywork of theTyrrell 003; it was tested and fitted to the cars for the second race in South Africa that year, however it was not used again afterwards due to it making the cars uncompetitive. Forghieri also designed a radical new car featuring a square bodywork and full width nose on a very short wheelbase. This new312 B3 was tested by Merzario and Ickx but never raced in a Grand Prix. The Italian press nicknamed it thespazzaneve (snowplow).
For1973,FIAT executives imposed a new technical staff and Forghieri was transferred to theexperimental department; his role was taken by Sandro Colombo, a formerGilera andInnocenti engineer. Thespazzaneve project was discarded and replaced by a new design, still named 312 B3. A new full monocoque chassis was built by specialist English company TC Prototypes, under John Thompson's guidance, and the engine became a fully stressed member.
In the first races, Ferrari still used the old 312 B2: the car was no longer competitive, and Ickx only managed one fourth place at the opening GP of the season. The new 312 B3 debuted at the Spanish Grand Prix, but proved to be slow and unreliable achieving even worse results. Throughout the 1973 season, Ferrari was outclassed, and they even skipped some Grands Prix, notably the Nürburgring. Ickx left the team halfway through the season in order to contest the1973 German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring in a McLaren, where he took 3rd place behind the Tyrrells of Stewart andFrançois Cevert, despite being given an older-spec Ford Cosworth V8 and the hardest compound of tyres available.
During the summer Forghieri was recalled as technical director and set about revising the B3 incorporating some of the ideas used on his radicalspazzaneve.
For1974 Ferrari fielded a heavily revised car, named312 B3-74, and signedBRM driversNiki Lauda andClay Regazzoni.
The car was succeeded by the312T which was introduced for the1975 Formula One season.
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| Technical data | 312B | 312B2 | 312B3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Engine: | Mid-mounted 180° 12-cylinderV-engine | ||
| displacement: | 2991 cm³ | 2992 cm³ | |
| Bore x stroke: | 78.5 x 51.5 mm | 80.0 x 49.6 mm | |
| Compression: | 11.5:1 | ||
| Max power at rpm: | 450 hp at 12 000 rpm | 470 hp at 12 600 rpm | 490 hp at 12 500 rpm |
| Valve control: | Double Overhead Camshafts per cylinder bank, 4 valves per cylinder | ||
| Fuel system: | Lucasfuel injection | ||
| Gearbox: | 5-speed manual | ||
| suspension front: | Upper cross link, lower triangle link, coil springs | Double triangle links, coil springs | |
| suspension rear: | Upper transverse link, lower triangular link, double longitudinal links, coil springs, anti-roll bars | ||
| Brakes: | Hydraulic disc brakes | ||
| Chassis &body: | Self-supporting monocoque | ||
| Wheelbase: | 238 cm | 251 cm | |
| Dry weight: | 535 kg | 560 kg | 580 kg |
| Year | Chassis | Tyres | Driver | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | Points | WCC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 312B | F | RSA | ESP | MON | BEL | NED | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | ITA | CAN | USA | MEX | 52 (55) | 2nd | |||
| Jacky Ickx | Ret | Ret | Ret | 8 | 3 | Ret | Ret | 2 | 1 | Ret | 1 | 4 | 1 | |||||||
| Clay Regazzoni | 4 | 4 | Ret | 2 | 1 | 2 | 13 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Ignazio Giunti | 4 | 14 | 7 | Ret | ||||||||||||||||
| 1971 | 312B | F | RSA | ESP | MON | NED | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | ITA | CAN | USA | 33 | 3rd | |||||
| Jacky Ickx | 8 | 2 | Ret | Ret | ||||||||||||||||
| Clay Regazzoni | 3 | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mario Andretti | 1 | Ret | DNQ | Ret | ||||||||||||||||
| 312B2 | Jacky Ickx | 3 | 1 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 8 | ||||||||||||
| Clay Regazzoni | Ret | 3 | Ret | Ret | 3 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 6 | |||||||||||
| Mario Andretti | 4 | 13 | DNS | |||||||||||||||||
| 1972 | 312B2 | F | ARG | RSA | ESP | MON | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | ITA | CAN | USA | 33 | 4th | ||||
| Jacky Ickx | 3 | 8 | 2 | 2 | Ret | 11 | Ret | 1 | Ret | Ret | 12 | 5 | ||||||||
| Clay Regazzoni | 4 | 12 | 3 | Ret | Ret | 2 | Ret | Ret | 5 | 8 | ||||||||||
| Mario Andretti | Ret | 4 | Ret | 7 | 6 | |||||||||||||||
| Nanni Galli | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Arturo Merzario | 6 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1973 | 312B2 | G | ARG | BRA | RSA | ESP | BEL | MON | SWE | FRA | GBR | NED | GER | AUT | ITA | CAN | USA | 12 | 6th | |
| Jacky Ickx | 4 | 5 | Ret | |||||||||||||||||
| Arturo Merzario | 9 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
| 312B3 | Jacky Ickx | 12 | Ret | Ret | 6 | 5 | 8 | 8 | ||||||||||||
| Arturo Merzario | Ret | 7 | 7 | Ret | 15 | 16 | ||||||||||||||
| 1974 | 312B3-74 | G | ARG | BRA | RSA | ESP | BEL | MON | SWE | NED | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | ITA | CAN | USA | 65 | 2nd | |
| Clay Regazzoni | 3 | 2 | Ret | 2 | 4 | 4 | Ret | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 5 | Ret | 2 | 11 | |||||
| Niki Lauda | 2 | Ret | 16 | 1 | 2 | Ret | Ret | 1 | 2 | 5 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | |||||
| 1975 | 312B3-74 | G | ARG | BRA | RSA | ESP | MON | BEL | SWE | NED | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | ITA | USA | 72.51 | 1st | ||
| Clay Regazzoni | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Niki Lauda | 6 | 5 |
1 In 1975, 63.5 points were scored driving theFerrari 312T.
