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| Clinical data | |
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| Trade names | Corlopam |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| Routes of administration | Intravenous |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Metabolism | Hepatic (CYP not involved) |
| Eliminationhalf-life | 5 minutes |
| Excretion | Renal (90%) and fecal (10%) |
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| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C16H16ClNO3 |
| Molar mass | 305.76 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Chirality | Racemic mixture |
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Fenoldopam, sold under the brand nameCorlopam, is adrug andsyntheticbenzazepinederivative which acts as aselectiveD1 receptorpartial agonist.[1] Fenoldopam is used as anantihypertensive agent.[2] It was approved by the USFood and Drug Administration (FDA) in September 1997.[3]
Fenoldopam is used as an antihypertensive agent postoperatively, and alsointravenously to treat ahypertensive crisis.[4]Since fenoldopam is an intravenous agent with minimal adrenergic effects that improves renal perfusion, in theory it could be beneficial in hypertensive patients with concomitantchronic kidney disease.[5] It can cause reflextachycardia, but it is dependent on the infusion of the drug.
Fenoldopam mesylate contains sodium metabisulfite, a sulfite that may rarely cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and asthma in susceptible people. Fenoldopam mesylate administration should be undertaken with caution to patients withglaucoma or raisedintraocular pressure as fenoldopam raises intraocular pressure.[6] Concomitant use of fenoldopam with abeta blocker should be avoided if possible, as unexpected hypotension can result from beta-blocker inhibition of sympathetic-mediated reflex tachycardia in response to fenoldopam.[6]
Adverse effects includeheadache,flushing,nausea,hypotension,reflex tachycardia, and increasedintraocular pressure.[4][6]
Fenoldopam causes arterial/arteriolarvasodilation leading to a decrease inblood pressure by activating peripheral D1 receptors.[7] It decreasesafterload and also promotessodium excretion via specific dopamine receptors along thenephron. The renal effect of fenoldopam and dopamine may involve physiological antagonism of the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney.[8]In contrast to dopamine, fenoldopam is a selective D1 receptor agonist with no effect on beta adrenoceptors, although there is evidence that it may have some alpha-1[9] and alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.[7] D1 receptor stimulation activates adenylyl cyclase and raises intracellular cyclic AMP, resulting in vasodilation of most arterial beds, including renal, mesenteric, and coronary arteries.[10] to cause a reduction in systemic vascular resistance. Fenoldopam has a rapid onset of action (4 minutes) and short duration of action (< 10 minutes) and a lineardose–response relationship at usual clinical doses.[11]
