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| Femoral neck | |
|---|---|
 Upper extremity of rightfemur viewed from behind and above. | |
 Right femur. Anterior surface. | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | collum femoris |
| MeSH | D005272 |
| TA98 | A02.5.04.004 |
| TA2 | 1363 |
| FMA | 42385 |
| Anatomical terms of bone | |
Thefemoral neck (alsofemur neck orneck of the femur) is a flattened pyramidal process ofbone, connecting thefemoral head with thefemoral shaft, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward.
The neck is flattened from before backward, contracted in the middle, and broader laterally than medially.
The vertical diameter of the lateral half is increased by the obliquity of the lower edge, which slopes downward to join the body at the level of thelesser trochanter, so that it measures one-third more than the antero-posterior diameter.
The medial half is smaller and of a more circular shape.
The anterior surface of the neck is perforated by numerous vascularforamina.
Along the upper part of the line of junction of the anterior surface with the head is a shallow groove, best marked inelderly subjects; this groove lodges the orbicular fibers of the capsule of thehip joint.
The posterior surface is smooth, and is broader and more concave than the anterior: the posterior part of thecapsule of the hip-joint is attached to it about 1 cm above theintertrochanteric crest.
The superior border is short and thick, and ends laterally at thegreater trochanter; its surface is perforated by large foramina.
The inferior border, long and narrow, curves a little backward, to end at the lesser trochanter.
The angle is widest in infancy, and becomes lessened during growth, so that atpuberty it forms a gentle curve from the axis of the body of the bone. In the adult, the neck forms an angle of about 125° with the body, but this varies in inverse proportion to the development of thepelvis and the stature. The angle decreases during the period of growth, but after full growth has been attained it does not usually undergo any change, even in old age; it varies considerably in different persons of the same age.Coxa vara is adeformity of thehip, whereby the angle between the head and the shaft of thefemur is reduced to less than 120 degrees. Its opposite iscoxa valga.
In thefemale, in consequence of the increased width of the pelvis, the neck of the femur forms more nearly a right angle with the body than it does in themale.
It is smaller in short than in long bones, and when the pelvis is wide.
In addition to projecting upward and medialward from the body of the femur, the neck also projects somewhat forward; the amount of this forward projection is extremely variable, but on an average is from 12° to 14°.
A fracture of the femoral neck is classified as a type ofhip fracture. It is often due toosteoporosis; in the vast majority of cases, a hip fracture is afragility fracture due to a fall or minor trauma in someone with weakenedosteoporotic bone. Most hip fractures in people with normal bone are the result of high-energy trauma such ascar accidents, falling from heights, or sports injuries.
| Types | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Incomplete stable fracture with impaction invalgus |
| 2 | Complete but non displaced with two group of trabeculle in line |
| 3 | completely displaced withvarus with all three trabeculle disturb. |
| 4 | Completely displaced with no contact between the fracture fragments |
For low-grade fractures (Garden types 1 and 2), standard treatment is fixation of the fracture in situ with screws or a sliding screw/plate device. In elderly patients with displaced or intracapsular fractures many surgeons prefer to undertake ahemiarthroplasty, replacing the broken part of the bone with a metal implant. In elderly patients who are medically well and still active, atotal hip replacement may be indicated.
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This article incorporates text in thepublic domain frompage 243 of the 20th edition ofGray's Anatomy(1918)
