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Lieutenant field marshal, also frequently historicallyfield marshal lieutenant (German:Feldmarschall-Leutnant, formerlyFeldmarschallleutnant, historically alsoFeldmarschall-Lieutenant and, in officialImperial and Royal Austrian army documents from 1867 alwaysFeldmarschalleutnant, abbreviatedFML), was a senior army rank in certain European armies of the 17th to 20th centuries. It emerged as the rank offield marshal (German:Feldmarschall) came to be used for the highest army commander in the 17th century (having originally been the equivalent of a cavalry colonel[1]). In German-speaking countries thecommander-in-chief usually appointed an "under marshal" (Untermarschall) or "lieutenant field marshal" to support and represent the field marshal. Amongst his functions as the personal deputy to the field marshal, were the supervision of supply depots and routes, and inspection of the guards.
| Lieutenant field marshal Feldmarschall-Leutnant | |
|---|---|
 Gorget patch | |
| Country |  Austria-Hungary |
| Service branch |  Austro-Hungarian Army |
| Rank group | General officer |
| Rank | Two-star |
| Formation | 17th century |
| Abolished | 1938 |
| Next higher rank | General der Waffengattung |
| Next lower rank | Generalmajor |
| Equivalent ranks | Vizeadmiral |
It was introduced to the Army of theAustrian Empire in the period 1804 to 1866, and theAustro-Hungarian Army from 1867 to 1918, where it was the second highest general rank after the variousgenerals of the branch- the general of infantry, cavalry and artillery - until the introduction of the rank ofcolonel general in 1915. On the re-introduction of the rank offield marshal, it fell back to third place in terms of seniority.
Prince Montecuccoli, a field marshal himself in the Habsburg army of the mid 17th century gives the order of precedence in the Imperial Army as follows:[2]
In 1789, for example, the Emperor conferred the rank of "Lieutenant Field Marshal on the Major Generals Count de Harrach, Baron d'Alvinzi, Prince Christian de Waldeck, Baron de Levenehr and Baron de Wallisch..."[3]
Subsequently, the order of precedence of general ranks in theAustro-Hungarian Army was as follows:
At that time, a field marshal lieutenant of thek.u.k. Army was equivalent to theGeneralleutnant (lieutenant general) of thePrussian Army (today comparable to an OF7, major general or two-star rank). The normal assignment of a lieutenant field marshal was command of adivision-sized formation. He was addressed by the honorific title of "excellency".
In Austria the rank continued to be used after 1918 by thecommander-in-chief (FMLAdolf von Boog) of the so-calledVolkswehr (People's Defence) until 1919. However, the Bundesheer of the First Republic adopted the designation, structure and sequence of the German ranks in 1920. In 1933, following national tradition, Austrian ranks, insignia and uniforms were reintroduced, including lieutenant field marshal. These ranks remained in use until theAnschluss in 1938.
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The rank ofLieutenant field marshal (Danish:Feltmarskal Lieutenant) was codified on 25 May 1671, byKing Christian V, with the publication of theDanish order of precedence. Here the rank of Lieutenant field marshal was placed above the rank ofgeneral, and below the position ofQuartermaster general (Danish:General Feldt-Tøymester).[4]
| This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(July 2021) |
| Lieutenant field marshal Altábornagy | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Country |  Hungary |
| Rank group | General officer |
| Rank | Lieutenant general |
| NATOrank code | OF-8 |
| Next higher rank | Colonel general |
| Next lower rank | Major general |
During the time of theAustro-Hungarian Army, the rank of Lieutenant field marshal was calledAltábornagy(in Hungarian). The rank is still used by theHungarian Defence Forces.[5]
| International | |
|---|---|
| Other | |
