| Fedorovych uprising Повстання Федоровича | |||||||
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| Part ofCossack uprisings | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Zaporozhian Cossacks | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Stanisław Koniecpolski | Taras Fedorovych | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Pereiaslav: At least 300 killed | Unknown | ||||||
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TheFedorovych uprising (Ukrainian:Повстання Федоровича;Polish:Powstanie Fedorowicza) was a rebellion headed byTaras Fedorovych against thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1630.
In March 1630 Fedorovych became the leader of a Cossack and peasant revolt which became known as theFedorovych Uprising. The 1625Treaty of Kurukove, also known as the Treaty of Lake Kurukowe, had been signed by Doroshenko and restricted the number of registered Cossacks to only six thousand. Dissatisfied with these conditions the remaining forty thousand unregistered Cossacks joined the resistance.
The uprising was ignited by the continually increasingenserfment and exploitation of the Ukrainian peasantry by mostly Polishszlachta (nobility) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, or theirpolonized equivalents, as well as the imposition ofCatholicism on the unwilling Ukrainians who had been traditionallyEastern Orthodox.
About ten thousand rebels proceeded from theZaporizhian Sich towards the upperDnieper territories overrunning the Polish forces stationed there. The rebels captured and executed the Hetman of the registered CossacksHryhoriy Chorny for his pro-Polish stance and support of theUnion of Brest. The rebels came to an agreement on their new leadership by nominating Fedorovych for the position of Hetman.
Fedorovych addressed the Ukrainian commoners with severalUniversal acts and called upon everyone to join his uprising against the Polish usurpers. The turbulence spread over the nearby territories with many Cossacks and peasants rising against the local Polish nobles as well as wealthyJewish landowners who, despite their limited involvement in the local power structure, were also resented.
As clashes increased casualties rose on both sides. After victory atKorsun-Shevchenkivskyi over the Polish army sent against them the rebel Cossacks controlled a large territory that included Korsun,Kaniv and other cities making their main base atPereiaslav.
In response to their successes a large Polish army led byStanisław Koniecpolski was sent to confront the Cossacks. The army, strengthened by German mercenary forces, was harassed by the rebels and in turn plundered and massacredLysianka,Dymer and several other Ukrainian settlements It then crossed theDnieper where they were met by the rebels, both front and rear, as more Ukrainians rose in what became an area-wide rebellion against the Poles. The skirmishes around Pereiaslav lasted three weeks until the 25 May [O.S. 15 May] 1630 indecisive battle at Pereiaslav. Koniecpolski laid siege to the Cossack stronghold but lacking the support of artillery and infantry he could not break its walls. The Cossacks were also lacking supplies and agreed to negotiations.
Fedorovych's military successes forced Koniecpolski to initiate negotiations with the Cossack leadership (theStarshyna) which concluded with theTreaty of Pereiaslav in 1630. Many of the demands of the non-registered Cossacks and their leader Fedorovych were discarded in the treaty by other CossackStarshynas. The main requirement voiced by Fedorovych and his supporters was that the Cossack privileges routinely guaranteed to the limited number of registered Cossacks should be granted to all runaway peasants who claimed Cossackdom. This was rejected and in a narrow compromise the Cossack register was enlarged from six to eight thousand. In return Koniecpolski demanded that Fedorovych be delivered into Polish custody.
Fedorovych, uncertain of the decision that would have been reached, was in over his head with the "compromising" faction of Cossack leadership. He left Pereiaslav along with other Cossacks dissatisfied with the agreement and they headed for the Cossack stronghold of the Zaporizhian Sich. The Starshyna faction who had agreed to a compromise with Poland electedTimofiy Orendarenko and hishetmanship was confirmed with Koniecpolski's agreement. Fedorovych, disgruntled with this turn of events, tried to raise the Cossack masses to start a new uprising but the energy for such an undertaking was no longer forthcoming.
While the uprising is noted for its initial successes, details about Fedorovych's early mobilization efforts are sparse. Some regional chronicles suggest the revolt was initially planned not just in Zaporizhia, but was coordinated with sympathetic elements within theRegistered Cossacks who were dissatisfied with the conditions of their service.[1] Furthermore, Fedorovych's ultimate fate after the signing of theTreaty of Pereiaslav remains a subject of historical debate, with some accounts claiming he retreated to Zaporizhia and was later marginalized, while others suggest he may have been captured and executed, though no definitive proof exists.[2]
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