The title is derived from the 1990Public Enemy albumFear of a Black Planet. The film premiered at theSundance Film Festival on January 24, 1993, and was later theatrically released on June 3, 1994. While critically acclaimed, it was abox office bomb. Its stature has grown in the years since its release and the film has acquired acult following.
Nina Blackburn, asociologist who analyzes hip hop as a form ofcommunication, chooses to make a documentary on the hardcoregangsta rap group called N.W.H. ("Niggaz With Hats") for hergraduate thesis. The N.W.H. members are Ice Cold, the main rapper and the intelligent and vulgar backbone of the group; Tasty Taste, the ultra-violent secondary rapper who always seems to be armed with a variety of dangerous assault weaponry; and Tone Def, anesotericDJ who is talented enough toscratch with his buttocks and his penis (the latter is not shown directly, but humorously implied).
As Nina documents N.W.H. for a year, she becomes familiar with the band members, their beliefs, and their often strange behavior. The members wear outrageous headwear during their performances, because according to N.W.H., hats are a symbol of resistance and revolution since their hatlessslave ancestors were too tired from working all day in the sun to revolt. This is a typical example of the bizarre logic the group uses to explain the deeper meanings behind their otherwise crude and base music and images.
A running joke is N.W.H.'s use of over-the-top graphic language (e.g. sex, violence and rantings against the police), which their detractors see as a cheap means to sell records, but in their eyes is essential to conveying a "socially relevant message". They offer jaw-dropping explanations on why songs such as "Booty Juice" and "Come and Pet the P.U.S.S.Y." are in fact deep andsocially significant, and that critics obviously do not truly understand the "real meaning". Throughout the movie, it is difficult to tell if the members of N.W.H. truly believe what they are saying, or are just portraying an image.
A lot of time also goes into describing N.W.H.'s feud with another rap group, the Jam Boys. The groups constantly insult and discredit each other, sometimes resulting in the brandishing of weapons. At one point, N.W.H. brings to light evidence that the Jam Boys' lead rapper attended aprep school, directly threatening hisstreet credibility. Amacabre running gag involves their white managers dying under mysterious circumstances (the group originally insist that they "wasn't in town when the shit happened"). They explain to Nina that their first few managers were black—in fact, were their relatives—and that they decided switching to white managers would be better for their families and the black community.
N.W.H.'s internal matters turn sour when Ice Cold wants to break away from the group because of his desire to participate in a film, and Cheryl C., agroupie, hooks up with Tasty-Taste. Although she is clearly more interested in his money than in him, Tasty lets her take over his life. When Tasty finds Cheryl and Ice Cold in bed, the group has an argument that leads to the dissolution of N.W.H., with each member launching a solo career. Ice dedicates himself tohouse music; Tasty makes adiss track in which he curses Ice; and Tone Def becomes ahippie (with obvious references to "flower rappers", such asP.M. Dawn). None of the guys sees much success until they ultimately reunite for a triumphant comeback in which their differences have been set aside, at least for the time being.
Along with the film's title and its central characters, there are other characters seen briefly who are parodies of real-life prominent figures in hip-hop:
Jike Spingleton: aportmanteau of filmmakersJohn Singleton andSpike Lee (the character criticizes both filmmakers for "stealing" his look and cinematic styles)
Marty Rabinow: N.W.H.'s manager; his name is similar to Rainbow, which is a joke on Jewish names containing colors (e.g. Goldman, Goldberg, Greenberg, Silverberg); he is also a parody of stereotypical Jewish managers of African-American performers, such as N.W.A's managerJerry Heller. Rabinow is portrayed as a decent man whom N.W.H. likes and who provides them with sound, honest management. However, like those who preceded him, Marty dies—as a result of a self-inflicted gunshot under very bizarre comedic circumstances.
"Booty Juice": The song's video spoofs the prototypical hip hop "pool scene" found in many videos, with N.W.H. surrounded by a bevy of scantily clad girls.[5][6]
"Come and Pet the P.U.S.S.Y.": A solo track from Ice Cold's post-N.W.H. group,The Ice Plant. It is a spoof on "Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)" byC+C Music Factory.[7] The main joke is that a petite Japanese woman lip-syncs the powerful voice of a heavy-set African-American woman without the latter getting credit for it, also in reference to the real-life conflictMartha Wash had with C+CMF regarding the same track.
"A Gangsta's Life Ain't Fun": Based on "New Jack Hustler (Nino's Theme)" by Ice-T,[5] spoofing its thinly veiled admiration for sex, crime, and drugs. This is also mirrored in the title, because the video implies that a gangsta's lifeis fun. The song is not found on the soundtrack album, as the "Gangsta's Life" segment was only inserted into the VHS and DVD releases of the film.
"Grab Yo Stuff": The episode draws upon the 1990 arrest of three members of2 Live Crew inBroward County, Florida for performing songs from their albumAs Nasty as They Wanna Be; the group had been warned that performances of certain songs would lead to arrest.[8] N.W.H. sacrifices its artistic integrity/gangsta attitude in order to avoid trouble, changing the song "Grab Yo Dick" into "Grab Yo Stuff" when police threaten to arrest N.W.H. The group is arrested after Ice Cold accidentally hits himself in the groin while on stage and blurts out "My dick!"
"Kill Whitey": Not actually played in the movie, but discussed with Nina Blackburn in an interview regarding N.W.H.'s highly controversial lyrics. The group explains that the title "Kill Whitey" does not actually refer to violence against whites, but instead is a reference to their former manager Whitey DeLuca,[6] who allegedly scammed the band out of a sum of money. He later ended up dead, but the group "wasn't in town when the shit happened." Whitey DeLuca was not actually white, he was "olive-complected", according to Ice Cold.
"My Peanuts"': An early Ice Cold solo song based on "My Penis" by Ice Cube and Dr. Dre, which itself is a parody of "My Adidas" byRun-D.M.C.[8]
"Wear Yo Hat (Buried and Bald)": Based on Public Enemy songs such as "Don't Believe the Hype" and "Bring the Noise", with Ice Cold and Tasty Taste vocally mimicking Public Enemy'sChuck D. and Flavor Flav.
"White Cops on Dope": Only available on the motion picture soundtrack and DVD bonus features. The song is a musical parody of theTubes' "White Punks on Dope", and is based on the trend of rappers working with rock bands (such as the Run-D.M.C./Aerosmith version of "Walk This Way") in an effort tocross over to mainstream audiences.Ric Ocasek ofthe Cars is featured on the track.[10]
"Santa Claus Is Coming": The only song title mentioned from the group's Christmas albumHo Ho Hoe's.[5] It is intimated that the title is a sexual double entendre rather than a cover of "Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town".
The original soundtrack was released byAvatar Records on June 1, 1994.[11] The soundtrack has eleven songs; however, the song from the filmA Gangsta's Life Ain't Fun was not included in the soundtrack.
Fear of a Black Hat debuted at the 1993Sundance Film Festival to strong critical reception.[1][12] However,CB4, a film that similarly parodies the hip hop world and starredChris Rock, was released in March of that year to moderate box office success.[1][13] A deal to distributeFear of a Black Hat fell through, delaying the film's release.[1][8][12] The film premiered inlimited theatrical release on June 3, 1994, more than a year after its Sundance debut. Its worldwide box office take totaled $233,824, making the film a financial flop.[2]
Despite the film's poor box office performance, it was lauded by critics. OnRotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 83% based on 24 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9/10.[14] OnMetacritic, the film has a score of 62 out of 100 based on 20 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.[15]
Flattering the daylights out ofRob Reiner and his "Spinal Tap" crew, Rusty Cundieff turns "Fear of a Black Hat" into an unapologetic "Spinal Tap" imitation. And there's no point in faulting Mr. Cundieff for such derivativeness, because "Fear of a Black Hat" is too savvy and cheerful to warrant complaints. Anyway, the more the merrier: what "Spinal Tap" did for heavy metal certainly deserves to be done for rap, which is the target this time. If Mr. Cundieff doesn't match the satirical genius of Mr. Reiner's film, he does understand the rules of the game.[16]
Owen Gleiberman ofEntertainment Weekly gave the film a B− grade, opining that although it "never achieves the dizzying cinema verite swirl that madeSpinal Tap such a timeless satire [...] Cundieff has what nearly every commentator on the rap scene has lacked: a first-class bull detector."[17]
In a three-star review,Roger Ebert wrote the film "is not as fearless and sharp-edged as it could be—but it provides a lot of laughs, and barbecues a few sacred cows." He added:
A truly uncompromising satire on this subject could probably not be filmed at this time, I suppose. You can almost feel "Fear of a Black Hat" pulling back in sensitive areas; going so far and no further. Nor does the movie really have much to say about the music itself - music which, like the heavy metal of "Spinal Tap", takes itself more seriously than anyone with common sense is likely to take it (rap and heavy metal are both more about attitudes than about melody). But the movie is funny and fresh, and filled with wicked little moments like the uneasy meeting of five or six rappers who all have "Ice" in their names.[18]
A decidedly more mixed review came from Peter Rainer of theLos Angeles Times, who wrote that "the idea is so funny that for a long time the film coasts on our good will. But it should be funnier than it is. Writer-director Rusty Cundieff, who also stars, along with Larry B. Scott and Mark Christopher Lawrence, as one of the three members of the rap group N.W.H., has a loose-limbed comic sense, and there are hilarious bits poking through the tedium. What the movie lacks is any kind of smart, sociological sense. It's a defanged spoof."[19]
The film's reputation has grown since its release, and it has gained acult following.[20][21][5][22] In August 2023,The Criterion Channel includedFear of a Black Hat as part of its film series celebrating 50 years of hip hop.[23]
^Lovell, Glenn (December 25, 1994). "The Past Picture Show the Good, the Bad and the Ugly -- a Year Worth's of Movie Memories".San Jose Mercury News (Morning Final ed.). p. 3.
^Movshovitz, Howie (December 25, 1994). "Memorable Movies of '94 Independents, fringes filled out a lean year".The Denver Post (Rockies ed.). p. E-1.
^MacCambridge, Michael (December 22, 1994). "it's a LOVE-HATE thing".Austin American-Statesman (Final ed.). p. 38.
