TheFayan school, orFayan House (Chinese:法眼宗;pinyin:Fǎyǎn Zōng) was one of theFive Houses of Chan, the major schools ofChan Buddhism during the laterTang dynasty.
The Fayan school was named after Chinese Zen MasterQingliang Wenyi (885–958).[1]
ViaXuefeng Yicun the Fayang school and Yunmen school are traced back toShitou Xiqian andHuineng. Xuefeng was one of the most influential Chán-teachers at the end of the Tang dynasty,[2] when "a widely influential zen center formed aroundXuefeng Yicun".[3] The loss of control by the Tang dynasty, and the accompanying loss of support for Buddhist institutions, lead to a regionally based Chan of Xuefeng and his students.[4]
TheZutang ji (祖堂集 "Anthology of the Patriarchal Hall"), compiled in 952, the first document which mentionsLinji Yixuan, was written to support the Xuefeng Yicun lineage.[5] It pictures this lineage as heir to the legacy of Mazu and the Hongzhou-school,[5] though Xuefeng Yicun's lineage is traced back toShitou Xiqian (700–790). It was written by two students of Zhaoqing Wendeng (884–972), a dharma descendant ofXuefeng Yicun.
| Six Patriarchs | ||
| Huineng (638–713) (WG: Hui-neng. Jpn: Enō) | ||
| Qingyuan Xingsi (660–740) (WG: TCh'ing yüan Hsing-ssu. Jpn: Seigen Gyōshi) | ||
| Shitou Xiqian (700–790) (WG: Shih-t'ou Hsi-ch'ien. Jpn: Sekitō Kisen) | ||
| Tianhuang Daowu (748–807) (WG: T'ien-huang Tao-wu. Jpn: Tennō Dago) | ||
| Longtan Chongxin (8th/9th century) (WG: Lung-t'an Ch'ung-hsin; Jpn: Ryūtan Sōshin) | ||
| Deshan Xuanjian (782–865) (WG: Te-shan Hsüan-chien; Jpn: Tokusan Senkan) | ||
| 0 | Xuefeng Yicun (822–908)(雪峰 义 存) (WG: Hsüeh-feng I-ts'un. Jpn: Seppō Gison) | |
| 1 | Jingqing Daotu (ca.863–937) (WG: Ching-ch'ing Tao-fu. Jpn: Kyōsei Dōfu) | Yunmen Wenyan (864–949) (WG: Yün-men Wen-yen. Jpn: Ummon Bun'en) |
| 2 | Xuansha Shibei (835–908) | Dongshan Shouchu (910–990) |
| 3 | Luohan Guichen (867–928) | Yunmen school |
| 4 | Fayan Wenyi (885–958) | |
| Fayan school | ||
During theFive Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period the Fayan school became the dominant school inSouthern Tang (Jiangxi) andWuyue.[6] It propagatedjiaochan yizhi, "harmony between Chan and the Teaching", in opposition tojiaowai biechuan, "a special transmission outside the teaching", the latter eventually becoming one of the defining slogans of Chan.[7]
Over the course of Song dynasty (960–1279), the Fayan school, along with theGuiyang andYunmen schools were gradually absorbed into theLinji school.
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