TheFathers of Confederation^[a] are the 36 people who attended at least one of theCharlottetown Conference of 1864 (23 attendees), theQuebec Conference of 1864 (33 attendees), and theLondon Conference of 1866 (16 attendees), precedingCanadian Confederation. Only twelve people attended all three conferences.

The following table lists the participants in the Charlottetown, Quebec, and London Conferences and their attendance at each stage.^[1][2]

Participant[2]	Portrait	Province (Current)	Charlottetown	Quebec City	London
SirAdams George Archibald		Nova Scotia	Yes	Yes	Yes
George Brown		Ontario	Yes	Yes	No
SirAlexander Campbell		Ontario	Yes	Yes	No
SirFrederick Carter		Newfoundland and Labrador	No	Yes	No
SirGeorge-Étienne Cartier		Quebec	Yes	Yes	Yes
Edward Barron Chandler		New Brunswick	Yes	Yes	Yes
Jean-Charles Chapais		Quebec	No	Yes	No
James Cockburn		Ontario	No	Yes	No
George Coles		Prince Edward Island	Yes	Yes	No
Robert B. Dickey		Nova Scotia	Yes	Yes	No
Charles Fisher		New Brunswick	No	Yes	Yes
SirAlexander Tilloch Galt		Quebec	Yes	Yes	Yes
John Hamilton Gray		Prince Edward Island	Yes	Yes	No
John Hamilton Gray		New Brunswick	Yes	Yes	No
Thomas Heath Haviland		Prince Edward Island	No	Yes	No
William Alexander Henry		Nova Scotia	Yes	Yes	Yes
SirWilliam Pearce Howland		Ontario	No	No	Yes
John Mercer Johnson		New Brunswick	Yes	Yes	Yes
SirHector-Louis Langevin		Quebec	Yes	Yes	Yes
Andrew Archibald Macdonald		Prince Edward Island	Yes	Yes	No
SirJohn A. Macdonald		Ontario	Yes	Yes	Yes
Jonathan McCully		Nova Scotia	Yes	Yes	Yes
William McDougall		Ontario	Yes	Yes	Yes
Thomas D'Arcy McGee		Quebec	Yes	Yes	No
Peter Mitchell		New Brunswick	No	Yes	Yes
SirOliver Mowat		Ontario	No	Yes	No
Edward Palmer		Prince Edward Island	Yes	Yes	No
William Henry Pope		Prince Edward Island	Yes	Yes	No
John William Ritchie		Nova Scotia	No	No	Yes
SirAmbrose Shea		Newfoundland and Labrador	No	Yes	No
William H. Steeves		New Brunswick	Yes	Yes	No
SirÉtienne-Paschal Taché		Quebec	No	Yes	No
SirSamuel Leonard Tilley		New Brunswick	Yes	Yes	Yes
SirCharles Tupper		Nova Scotia	Yes	Yes	Yes
Edward Whelan		Prince Edward Island	No	Yes	No
Robert Duncan Wilmot		New Brunswick	No	No	Yes

Four other individuals have been labelled as Fathers of Confederation.Hewitt Bernard, who was the recording secretary at the Charlottetown Conference, is considered by some to be a Father of Confederation.^[3] The leaders most responsible for bringing three specific provinces into Confederation after 1867 are also referred to as Fathers of Confederation.^[1]

• Theprovisional government established byLouis Riel ultimately negotiated the terms under whichManitoba entered Confederation in 1870.^[4][5]
• The leadership ofAmor De Cosmos was instrumental both in bringing democracy toBritish Columbia and in bringing the province into Confederation in 1871.^[6]
• The province ofNewfoundland entered Confederation in 1949 under the leadership ofJoey Smallwood, who was then referred to as the "only living Father of Confederation".^[7]

• Anti-Confederation Party
• List of national founders
• Persons of National Historic Significance

• Careless, J.M.S. (1969–1970)."George Brown and Confederation".Manitoba Historical Society Transactions. Series 3 (26).
• Coucill, Irma (2005).Canada's Prime Ministers, Governors General and Fathers of Confederation. Pembroke Publishers.ISBN 1-55138-185-0.

Wikimedia Commons has media related toFathers of Confederation.

• Fathers of Confederation - Library and Archives Canada
• Barron Chandler - Parks Canada

• Fathers of Confederation
• Canadian Confederation
• Pre-Confederation Canada
• Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914)

• Articles with short description
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• Commons category link is on Wikidata