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Afastback is anautomotive styling feature, defined by the rear of the car having a single slope from the roof to the tail.[3][4]
Thekammback is not a fastback design with a roofline that tapers downward toward the car's rear before being cut off abruptly.[5]
Some models, such as theFord Mustang, have been marketed explicitly as fastbacks, often to differentiate them from other body styles (e.g. coupé models) in the samemodel range.
A fastback is often defined as having a single slope from the roof to the rear of the vehicle.[6]
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Traditionally a fastback will have a trunk opening that is separate from the rear window which remains in a fixed position.[8] The term "fastback" is not interchangeable with "liftback"; the former describes the car's shape, and the latter refers to a roof-hingedtailgate that lifts upwards for storage area access.
More specifically, theRoad & Track Illustrated Automotive Dictionary defines the fastback as
A closed body style, usually a coupe but sometimes a sedan, with a roof sloped gradually in an unbroken line from the windshield to the rear edge of the car. A fastback naturally lends itself to ahatchback configuration and many have it, but not all hatchbacks are fastbacks and vice versa.[9]
In the case of theFord Mustang, the term "fastback" is used to differentiate against thecoupénotchback body style,[10][11] which has a steeper rear window followed by a horizontal trunk lid.
Automobile designers in the 1930s began using elements of aircraft aerodynamics tostreamline the boxy-looking vehicles of their day.[12] Such designs, which were ahead of their time when exhibited during the early 1930s, included adroplet-like streamlining of the car's rear, a configuration similar to what would become known as the "fastback" 25 years later.[13] Merriam-Webster first recognized the term "fastback" in 1954,[4] many years before the popularization of the term "hatchback", which entered the dictionary in 1970.[14] Opinions vary as to whether the terms are mutually exclusive.
Early examples of fastback cars include the 1929Auburn Cabin Speedster, 1933Cadillac V-16 Aerodynamic Coupe, 1935Stout Scarab,[15] 1933Packard 1106 Twelve Aero Sport Coupe,[16]Bugatti Type 57 Atlantic,Tatra 87,Porsche 356, Saab 92/96,Standard Vanguard,GAZ-M20 Pobeda, andBentley Continental R-Type.
Fastbacks provide an advantage in developingaerodynamic vehicles with a lowdrag coefficient.[17] For example, although lacking awind tunnel,Hudson designed its post-World War II cars to look aerodynamic, and "tests conducted by Nash later found that the Hudson had almost 20% less drag than contemporarynotchback sedans".[18] However, the aerodynamic teardrop shape meant lower headroom for rear seat passengers, limited visibility to the rear for the driver, and also meant a less practical, elongated rear end design.[19]
In Australia, fastbacks (known as "slopers") were introduced in 1935, first designed by General Motors'Holden as one of the available bodies onOldsmobile,Chevrolet, andPontiac chassis. The sloper design was added by Richards Body Builders in Australia toDodge andPlymouth models in 1937; it was subsequently adopted by Ford Australia in 1939 and 1940, as well as a sloper style made on Nash chassis.[20] According to automotive historianG.N. Georgano, "the Slopers were advanced cars for their day".[21]
In Europe, there was a sloping rear on streamlined cars as early as 1945, from which the shapes of theVolkswagen Beetle andPorsche 356 are derived.
In Japan, theToyota AA first adopted the fastback style in 1936. It was strongly influenced by the 1933DeSoto Airflow. The 1965Mitsubishi Colt 800 was the firstpost-warJapanese fastback,[22] and the 1958Subaru 360 was the firstkei fastback. ThePrince Skyline 1900 Sprint was developed byPrince Motor Company in 1963, but was never marketed.[23]
Afterwards, all Japanese automakers adopted the fastback style, with the 1967Honda N360, 1968Nissan Sunny Coupe,[24] 1968Mazda FamiliaRotary Coupe,[25] 1970Suzuki Fronte "Sting Ray Look", and 1971Daihatsu Fellow Max.[26] From the late 1960s to the 1970s, Americancoke bottle styling became popular in Japan, as seen onToyota's 1973Celica "Liftback".[27][28][29]
In North America, the numerous marketing terms for the fastback body style included "aerosedan", "club coupe", "sedanette" and "torpedo back".[30] Cars includedCadillac'sSeries 61 and62 Club Coupes, as well as various other models fromGeneral Motors,Ford, andChrysler.
From the early 1940s until 1950, nearly every domestic manufacturer offered at least one fastback body style within their model lineups. Although the styling was good, the cars had less trunk capacity compared to the notchback designs.[31] In the mid-1960s, the style was revived on many GM and Ford products until the mid-1970s.
Marketing terminology changed in 2004, with the launch of the first generationMercedes-Benz CLS-Class. It was described as a4-door coupé, a purely marketing term describing its fastbacksedan arrangement, with fastback coupé-profiled bodywork and two doors on each side. The design reinterpreted the concept used in the 1992-1997Infiniti J30/Nissan Leopard J Férié, which is not a true fastback.
This marketing term was followed by other competing models, such as theAudi A7 and theBMW 8 Series Gran Coupé,Audi A5 Sportback,BMW 4 Series Gran Coupé,Volkswagen CC,Volkswagen Arteon,Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class,Togg T10F,Aston Martin Rapide, andPorsche Panamera.
