Farnsworth Wright | |
|---|---|
| Born | July 29, 1888 Santa Barbara, California, United States |
| Died | June 12, 1940(1940-06-12) (aged 51) Manhattan,New York City,New York, United States |
| Occupation | Magazine editor |
| Language | English |
| Nationality | American |
| Citizenship | United States |
| Alma mater | |
| Genres | Fantasy, pulp fiction |
| Spouse | |
| Children | Robert |
| Relatives | Paula Raymond |
Farnsworth Wright (July 29, 1888 – June 12, 1940) was the editor of thepulp magazineWeird Tales during the magazine's heyday, editing 179 issues from November 1924 to March 1940.Jack Williamson called Wright "the first great fantasy editor".[1]
Wright was born inCalifornia, and educated at theUniversity of Nevada and theUniversity of Washington.[2] A Washington journalism student, he spent three years on the staff of theUniversity of Washington Daily, ending as managing editor. He acted as managing editor ofThe Seattle Star on April 25, 1914, when twenty journalism students were handed responsibility for the paper for a day.[3] An honors student, he graduated with a B.A. in journalism in 1914. At the university, he was active in clubs, including serving as president of the Social Democratic Club.
Wright experienced several personal tragedies in his early life of which he would never speak.[4] For example, on July 27, 1913, while bathing in the ocean off Westport, Washington, Wright and his University of Washington roommate, John P. Rauen, were caught in eddying currents. Ironically, Rauen, a "good swimmer," drowned while Wright, who couldn't swim, was rescued "after great difficulties."[5]
His first job was as a reporter with theSeattle Sun, but he was drafted into the U.S. Army in 1917 and served in the infantry inWorld War I.[6] Wright "served a year as interpreter with the American army."[7] In one reference, his duty was described as "interpreter in the town major's office in Roeze."[8]
Wright's mother taught music and inspired in him his zeal for the classics and for art. For a number of years, he wrote music criticism forMusical America. His music criticism overlapped his overseas duty and, at least into 1928, his editorship ofWeird Tales. Wright loved poetry and later encouraged its appearance inWeird Tales.
Wright was working as amusic critic for theChicago Herald and Examiner when he began his association withWeird Tales, founded in 1923.[9] At first serving as chief manuscript reader,[10] he replaced founding editorEdwin Baird in 1924 when the latter was fired by publisher J. C. Henneberger.[11]
During Wright's editorship ofWeird Tales, which lasted until 1940, the magazine regularly published the notable authorsH. P. Lovecraft,Robert E. Howard andClark Ashton Smith. Yet Wright had a strained relationship with all three writers, rejecting major works by them — such as Lovecraft'sAt the Mountains of Madness andThe Shadow Over Innsmouth,[12] Howard's "The Frost Giant's Daughter,"[13] and Smith's "The Seven Geases" (which Wright dismissed as just "one geas after another").[14] He could be both discouraging and encouraging with equal lack of logic. His preference for shorter fiction particularly led him to discourage Lovecraft's, whose best works emerged at longer lengths during the early 1930s. Nevertheless, as Mike Ashley has put it, "Wright developedWT from a relatively routine horror pulp magazine to create what has become a legend."[6]
Wright's wide tastes allowed for an extravagance of fiction, from theSword and Sorcery of Robert E. Howard, the cosmic fiction of Lovecraft, theoccult detective stories ofSeabury Quinn, the chinoiseries ofE. Hoffman Price andFrank Owen, the terror tales ofPaul Ernst and the space operas and pandimensional adventures ofEdmond Hamilton andNictzin Dyalhis.
Wright also anonymously edited an anthology of WT stories,The Moon Terror (1927), as a bonus for subscribers. The contents wereThe Moon Terror (full-length novel by A.G. Birch);Ooze byAnthony M. Rud;Penelope byVincent Starrett and Wright's own "An Adventure in the Fourth Dimension", described as "an uproarious skit on the four-dimensional theories of the mathematicians, and interplanetary stories in general." However, the anthology's contents (unfortunately representative of the worst of magazine's early years) meant the book took years to sell out; for many years during the 1930sWeird Tales carried advertisements for the book at the "reduced price of only fifty cents." Wright also edited a short-lived companion magazine,Oriental Stories (later renamedMagic Carpet Magazine) which lasted from 1930 to 1934.[15]
Wright (nicknamed "Plato" by his writers) was also noteworthy for starting the commercial careers of three important fantasy artists:Margaret Brundage,Virgil Finlay, andHannes Bok. Each of the three made their first sale to, and had their work first appear in,Weird Tales. Wright was close friends with writers who submitted to the magazine suchE. Hoffman Price (who often helped read the slushpile submissions) andOtis Adelbert Kline.[16]
E.F. Bleiler describes Wright as "an excellent editor who recognized quality work" in his bookThe Guide to Supernatural Fiction.[17]
Wright also published half a dozen pieces of his own fiction, but his stories are considered unmemorable. His poetry (all published as by "Francis Hard", a pseudonym also used on several of the stories)[18] is considered more delicate, but he limited its appearance. (Most of the poems appeared in the earliest years ofWeird Tales).[6]
Weird Tales authorRobert Bloch describes Wright as "a tall thin man with a small, thin voice. The latter, together with a persistent palsy, was probably due to the effects of Parkinson's disease, an affliction which had plagued him since wartime military service. An authority on Shakespeare and a former music critic, this soft-spoken, balding, prematurely aged man seemed miscast as editor of a publication featuring bimbos uncovered on its covers and horrors concealed within its pages."[19]
Farnsworth Wright married Marjorie J. Zinkie (September 1, 1893, Aurora, IL - April 9, 1974, Bellevue, WA) in about 1929. She was a fellow University of Washington graduate and had worked as a librarian in various locales. They had one child, Robert Farnsworth Wright (April 21, 1930, Chicago – March 1, 1993, Bellevue, WA).
Wright had developedParkinson's disease in 1921; by 1930, he was unable to sign his own letters. He attempted to launchWright's Shakespeare Library in 1935 with a pulp-format edition ofA Midsummer Night's Dream. Despite the illustrations byVirgil Finlay, the book flopped.[6]
Wright's failing health forced him to resign as editor during 1940, and he died later that year.[9] A tribute to him bySeabury Quinn ran in the letters column of the November 1940 issue ofWeird Tales. He was succeeded as editor ofWeird Tales byDorothy McIlwraith (who also editedShort Stories magazine).
Wright's nephew,David Wright O'Brien (1918-1944), was killed duringWorld War II after a brief but prolific period as a contributor to theZiff-Davis pulp magazines, includingFantastic Adventures, to which he contributed many humorous fantasies.[6]
Wright's niece was the Hollywood actressPaula Raymond.[20]
Media related toFarnsworth Wright at Wikimedia Commons
Works by or aboutFarnsworth Wright atWikisource
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