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Faraizi Movement
ফরাজী আন্দোলন
Leader	Haji Shariatullah (founder) Dudu Miyan (successor)
Foundation	1818
Dissolved	c. 1900s (merged into other reformist/anti-colonial movements)
Headquarters	Faridpur,Bengal Presidency,British India
Active regions	Bengal region
Ideology	Islamic revivalism Anti-colonialism Jihadism Islamic fundamentalism Islamism Reformism Bengali nationalism Anti-British sentiment
Status	Defunct
Size	Tens of thousands of followers (at its peak)
Allies	Deobandi rebels Titumir's Forces
Opponents	British Raj LocalZamindars
Battles and wars	Faraizi uprisings
Succeeded by Indian independence movement factions

Islam in Bangladesh
History Muslim conquest Islamic rule Bengal Sultanate Bengal Subah Anjuman-i-Ulama-i-Bangala
Culture Architecture Bangladeshi Bengali Indo-Islamic Indo-Saracenic Mughal Literature Arabic Bengali Dobhashi Jangnama Kissa Marsiya Puthi Persian Urdu Music Ghazal Hamd Nashid Naat Qawwali Zari Zikir
Major figures Bakhtiyar Khalji Shah Jalal Khan Jahan Ali Shah Makhdum Titumir Shariatullah Karamat Ali Jaunpuri Sher-e-Bangla Siraji Nazrul Bhashani
Communities Bengali Muslims Deshi Dhakaiyas Kan Mahifarash Mahimal Nashya Shaikh Shershabadia Sylhetis Rohingyas Bihari Muslims Pangals
Ideology/schools of thought Ahl-i Hadith Barelvi/Rezvi Deobandi/Qawmi Fultali Maizbhandari Shia
Educational organizations Alia Madrasa Qawmi madrasa Bangladesh Madrasah Education Board Islamic University, Bangladesh International Islamic University Chittagong
Political parties Bangladesh Khelafat Majlish Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan Islami Andolan Islami Front Islami Oikya Jote Jamaat-e-Islami Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Khelafat Majlish Muslim League Nizam-e-Islam Party Tariqat Federation
Influential bodies Anjuman Mufidul Islam Hefazat-e-Islam Islamic Foundation Bangladesh Tablighi Jamaat Tamaddun Majlish
Other topics Bishwa Ijtema Waz Mahfil Mosques in Bangladesh (Baitul Mukarram) Muslim nationalism in South Asia Muslim chronicles for Bangladeshi history Sufism in Bangladesh
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TheFaraizi movement (Bengali:ফরায়েজি আন্দোলন,romanized: fôrayezi andolôn) was anIslamic revivalist,ReformistMilitant movement led byHaji Shariatullah in EasternBengal to encourage Muslims to give upun-Islamic practices and act upon their duties as Muslims (farāʾiḍ).^[1] Founded in 1818, the movement protected the rights of tenants to a great extent.

The Faraizis adhered to theHanafi school with certain differences in practices.

• Tawbah i.e. to be penitent for past sins as a measure for the purification of soul.
• To observe strictly the obligatory duties ofFaraiz.
• Strict adherence toTawhid
• India beingDar al Harb,Friday prayers andEid prayers were not obligatory.
• Denouncing all cultural rites and ceremonies, which had no reference to theQuran andSunnah, asbidah or sinful innovations.^[2]

The leader of the Faraizis was calledUstad or teacher, and his disciplesshaagird or students (protégé), instead of using the terms likepir andmurid. A person so initiated into the Faraizi fold was calledTawbar Muslim orMumin.^[2]It was a religious revivalist movement founded in rural areas of East Bengal. It was initially peaceful but later turned violent. The basic aim was to discard un Islamic practices.Its epicentre was in Faridpur.

The Faraizi movement was widely taken up in the areas of greaterDhaka,Barisal, andComilla.^[1]

The landlords levied numerousabwabs (plural form of the Arabic termbab, signifying a door, a section, a chapter, a title). DuringMughal India, all temporary and conditional taxes and impositions levied by the government over and above regular taxes were referred to as abwabs. More explicitly, abwab stood for all irregular impositions on Raiyats above the established assessment of land in the Pargana. Such abwabs were horribly dishonest in the eye of law. Several abwabs were of a religious nature. Haji Shariatullah then intervened to object to such a practice and commanded his disciples not to pay these dishonest cesses to the landlords. The landlords even inflicted a ban on the slaughter of cows, especially on the occasion ofEid. The Faraizis ordained their peasant followers not to obey such a ban. All these heated instances added up to tensed and stressed relationships amongst the Faraizis and the landlords, who were allHindus.^{[2][citation needed]}

The Islamic-led Faraizi movement could be witnessed in various parts of Bengal, with overwhelming Anglo-Bangla agreement for perhaps the very first time. The outraged landlords built up a propaganda campaign with the British officials, incriminating the Faraizis with a mutinous mood. In 1837, these Hindu landlords indicted Haji Shariatullah of attempting to build up a kingdom of his own. They also brought several lawsuits against the Faraizis, in which they benefitted dynamic co-operation of the European indigo planters. Shariatullah was placed under the detention of the police in more than one instance, for purportedly inciting agrarian turbulence in Faridpur.^{[2][additional citation(s) needed]}

After the death ofHaji Shariatullah, his son,Dudu Miyan, led the movement to a more agrarian character. He organised the oppressed peasantry against the oppressive landlords. In retaliation, the landlords and indigo planters tried to contain Dudu Miyan by instituting false cases against him.^[2] However, he became so popular with the peasantry that in the cases, courts seldom found a witness against Dudu Miyan.

The initial victories of Dudu Miyan captured the imagination of the masses and Haji sahib the great sought Dudu Miyan's protection against the oppressive landlords.

Dudu Miyan died in 1862 and before his death he had appointed a board of guardians to look after his minor sons, Ghiyasuddin Haydar and Abdul Gafur alias Naya Miyan who succeeded him successively. The board, with great difficulty, kept the dwindling movement from falling to pieces. It was not until Naya Miyan attained maturity that it regained some of its lost strength. Nabinchandra Sen, the then sub-divisional officer ofMadaripur District, thought it prudent to enter into an alliance of mutual help with the Faraizi leaders, who, in their turn, showed a spirit of co-operation towards the government.^[2]

On the death of Naya Miyan in 1884, the third and the youngest son of Dudu Miyan, Syeduddin Ahmad was acclaimed leader by the Faraizis. During this time, the conflict of the Faraizis with the Taiyunis, another reformist group reached the climax and religious debates between the two schools of thought had become a commonplace occurrence inEast Bengal. He was bestowed with the title ofKhan Bahadur by the government. In 1905, on the question of thepartition of Bengal, he lent support toNawab Salimullah in favour of partition, but he died in 1906.^[2]

Khan Bahadur Syeduddin was succeeded by his eldest son Rashiduddin Ahmad aliasBadshah Miyan. During the early years of his leadership, Badshah Miyan maintained the policy of co-operation towards the government. However, the annulment of the partition of Bengal made him anti-British and he took part in the Khilafat and non-co-operation movements. Soon after the establishment of Pakistan he summoned a conference of the Faraizis at Narayanganj and declared Pakistan asDar-ul-Islam and gave permission to his followers to hold the congregational prayers ofJum'ah andEid.^[2]

• Anjuman-i-Ulama-i-Bangala

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• Islamism in India
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• 1818 establishments in India
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