Faizabad | |
|---|---|
City | |
   Tilak Hall,Gulab Bari,Bahu Begum ka Maqbara | |
  Faizabad Location in Uttar Pradesh, India Show map of Uttar Pradesh Faizabad Faizabad (India) Show map of India | |
| Coordinates:26°46′23″N82°08′46″E / 26.773°N 82.146°E /26.773; 82.146 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| Division | Ayodhya |
| District | Ayodhya |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal corporation |
| • Body | Ayodhya Municipal Corporation |
| • Mayor | Girish Pati Tripathi, (BJP)[1] |
| Area | |
• Total | 16.02 km2 (6.19 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 97 m (318 ft) |
| Population (2011)[2] | |
• Total | 165,228 |
| • Density | 10,310/km2 (26,710/sq mi) |
| Language | |
| • Official | Hindi[3] |
| • Additional official | Urdu[3] |
| • Regional | Awadhi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 224001 |
| Telephone code | +91-5278 |
| Vehicle registration | UP-42 |
| Sex ratio | 998/1000♂/♀ |
| Website | ayodhya |
Faizabad (Hindustani pronunciation:[fɛːzaːbaːd]) is a city located inAyodhya district in the Indian state ofUttar Pradesh. It is situated on the southern bank of theRiver Saryu about 6.5 km fromAyodhya City, the district headquarter, 130 km east of the state capitalLucknow. Faizabad was the first capital of theNawabs of Awadh and has monuments built by those Nawabs, like theTomb of Bahu Begum,Gulab Bari. It was also the headquarters of Faizabad district (nowAyodhya district) and Faizabad division (nowAyodhya division) before November 2018.[4][5] Faizabad is a twin city ofAyodhya and it is administered byAyodhya Municipal Corporation.
According toThe Imperial Gazetteer of India, "[w]henSaadat Khan was appointed governor ofOudh he built a hunting lodge 4 miles west ofAyodhya [in 1730[6]], then the head-quarters of the province. Gardens were laid out and shops sprang up in the neighbourhood, and during the time of his successorSafdar Jang the name Faizabad was first applied.Shuja-ud-daula, the third Nawab, lived chiefly atLucknow during the early part of his reign; but after his defeat atBuxar in 1764 he made Faizabad his residence, and during the remainder of his life added largely to its defences and also laid a large town. Shuja-ud-daula died early in 1775, and before the close of the yearAsaf-ud-daula moved permanently to Lucknow. The importance of Faizabad declined, but it remained the home of Asaf-ud-daula's grandmother and mother, the Nawab Begam and Bahu Begam, whose treatment was the subject of charges againstWarren Hastings. After the death of Bahu Begam in 1816 Faizabad decayed still farther".[7] Oudh State was annexed by the British in 1856. Local self-government for Ayodhya and Faizabad was introduced in 1865. The two cities were administered jointly as a municipality.[8]
Gulab Bari stands in a garden surrounded by a wall, approachable through two large gateways. These buildings are particularly interesting for their assimilative architectural styles. Shuja-ud-daula's wife was the well known Bahu Begum, who married the Nawab in 1743 and continued to reside in Faizabad, her residence being the Moti-Mahal. Close by at Jawaharbagh lies her Maqbara, where she was buried after her death in 1816. It is considered to be one of the finest buildings of its kind in Avadh, which was built at the cost of three lakh rupees by her chief advisor Darab Ali Khan. A fine view of the city is obtainable from top of the begum's tomb. Bahu Begum was a woman of great distinction and rank, bearing dignity. Most of the Muslim buildings of Faizabad are attributed to her. From the date of Bahu Begum's death in 1815 until the annexation of Avadh, the city of Faizabad gradually fell into decay. The glory of Faizabad finally eclipsed with the shifting of capital from Faizabad to Lucknow by NawabAsaf-ud-daula.[6]
Faizabad was also a centre of one of many battles of the Mutiny of 1857. A detailed history of Faizabad can be read in 'Tareekh-e-Farahbaksh', written by Munshi Mohd. Faiz Baksh, (after whom Faizabad is named) a courtier in the Shuja-ud-Daula's court. This book has been translated into English by Hamid Afaq Qureshi as 'Memoirs of Faizabad'. Faizabad also finds a prominent and detailed mention inGuzashta Lucknow written byAbdul Halim Sharar. The fourth nawab of Awadh, NawabAsaf-ud-Daula, shifted the Capital of Avadh to Lucknow in 1775 after his terms with his mother became sour.[9]
Ashfaqulla Khan was hanged in Faizabad jail on 19 December 1927 for his role in theKakori Train robbery on 9 August 1925.[10][11]
The2011 Census of India has separate data for Faizabad municipal council (N.P.P.) and Faizabad Cantonment, which were counted as separate towns:[13]
The following data are for Faizabad municipal council in the 2011 census.
The following data are for Faizabad Cantonment in the 2011 census.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 71,179 | — |
| 1911 | 54,655 | −23.2% |
| 1921 | 56,620 | +3.6% |
| 1931 | 59,992 | +6.0% |
| 1941 | 55,215 | −8.0% |
| 1951 | 76,582 | +38.7% |
| 1961 | 83,717 | +9.3% |
| 1971 | 102,835 | +22.8% |
| 1981 | 101,873 | −0.9% |
| 1991 | 124,437 | +22.1% |
| 2001 | 144,705 | +16.3% |
| 2011 | 165,228 | +14.2% |
| Source:[2] | ||
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1931 | 5,726 | — |
| 1941 | 2,417 | −57.8% |
| 1951 | 5,916 | +144.8% |
| 1961 | 4,579 | −22.6% |
| 1971 | 6,971 | +52.2% |
| 1981 | 10,794 | +54.8% |
| 1991 | 11,843 | +9.7% |
| 2001 | 14,040 | +18.6% |
| 2011 | 12,391 | −11.7% |
| Source:[2] | ||
Typical of the central plains of India, Faizabad has a monsoon-influencedhumid subtropical climate (KöppenCwa). Summer (March to July) temperatures can range from 35 to 45 °C (95 to 113 °F), whilst winter (November to February) temperatures can range from 6 to 25 °C (42.8 to 77.0 °F). More than 85 per cent of the annual rainfall of 1,100 millimetres or 43 inches falls during the southwest monsoon from June to September.
| Climate data for Faizabad (1971–2000, extremes 1959–2003) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.5 (83.3) | 35.8 (96.4) | 41.7 (107.1) | 45.5 (113.9) | 46.0 (114.8) | 47.4 (117.3) | 41.6 (106.9) | 39.2 (102.6) | 37.8 (100.0) | 37.7 (99.9) | 35.8 (96.4) | 31.0 (87.8) | 47.4 (117.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 22.6 (72.7) | 26.3 (79.3) | 32.0 (89.6) | 37.7 (99.9) | 39.4 (102.9) | 37.6 (99.7) | 33.6 (92.5) | 32.8 (91.0) | 32.8 (91.0) | 32.8 (91.0) | 29.6 (85.3) | 25.1 (77.2) | 31.9 (89.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.4 (45.3) | 10.1 (50.2) | 14.3 (57.7) | 19.7 (67.5) | 23.7 (74.7) | 25.4 (77.7) | 25.0 (77.0) | 24.6 (76.3) | 23.3 (73.9) | 19.1 (66.4) | 12.6 (54.7) | 8.0 (46.4) | 17.7 (63.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 0.8 (33.4) | 1.8 (35.2) | 7.6 (45.7) | 11.4 (52.5) | 17.7 (63.9) | 16.4 (61.5) | 18.0 (64.4) | 18.2 (64.8) | 15.2 (59.4) | 7.4 (45.3) | 3.0 (37.4) | 1.0 (33.8) | 0.8 (33.4) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 17.5 (0.69) | 14.4 (0.57) | 6.6 (0.26) | 8.3 (0.33) | 17.9 (0.70) | 141.0 (5.55) | 297.3 (11.70) | 324.9 (12.79) | 209.5 (8.25) | 51.4 (2.02) | 4.3 (0.17) | 9.5 (0.37) | 1,102.5 (43.41) |
| Average rainy days | 1.4 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 5.5 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 8.1 | 2.2 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 47.3 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%)(at 17:30IST) | 64 | 59 | 45 | 39 | 42 | 56 | 75 | 79 | 77 | 73 | 69 | 67 | 62 |
| Source:India Meteorological Department[14][15] | |||||||||||||
Faizabad is situated on National Highway 27 and has connectivity withKanpur (213 km),Lucknow (127 km),Varanasi (202 km),Prayagraj (161 km) andGorakhpur (165 km). The state government's Road Transport Service runs regular and frequent buses to and from these cities.NH27 connectsLucknow toBarauni via Faizabad andGorakhpur whilstNH330 connects Faizabad toPrayagraj viaSultanpur.Nawab Yusuf Road connects Faizabad toVaranasi viaJaunpur,NH330A connects Faizabad toRaebareli viaKumarganj, Ayodhya andJagdishpur andNH 330 connects Faizabad to Bharich viaGonda, NH 330C is connected byAzamgarh to Faizabad viaAmbedkar Nagar andBalrampur is connected by Faizabad viaNH334 andUtraula andMankapur connects Faizabad by SH14.
Ayodhya Cantt railway station: theIndian Railways network connects Faizabad directly withKanpur (4 hours)Lucknow (3 hours),Varanasi (4 hours.) andPrayagraj (5 hours).
Ayodhya Cantt Superfast Express is a train which runs weekly connectingAyodhya Cantt railway station toLokmanya Tilak Terminus, Mumbai. Its one of the two trains which runs between Faizabad to Mumbai the other one isSaket Express which runs twice a week. It is numbered as 22103/22104.Rameswaram - Faizabad Shraddha Sethu Express is a weekly Superfast Express connectingRameswaram inTamil Nadu and Faizabad inUttar Pradesh. It takes nearly 3 days to reach the destination and one of the longest running train in India. A few mail express trains also connect Faizabad toKolkata, New Delhi andMumbai. In addition, the Faizabad-Delhi express runs daily from Faizabad to Delhi and Delhi to Faizabad, whilst a new railway line will be proposed fromLalganj to Faizabad viaRaebareli Akberganj station.
Ayodhya Junction railway station: this is the second major railway station inAyodhya district and is in Ayodhya city.
Acharya Narendra Dev Nagar railway station:This station is another gateway to the city via rail and it lies in the heart of the city.
The nearest airports to Faizabad areAyodhya International Airport (5 km) from the city centre,Lucknow International Airport (128 km),Prayagraj Airport (144 km) andVaranasi International Airport (200 km).
Gulab Bari: Literally meaning 'Garden of Roses', the tomb ofNawabShuja-ud-Daula (third Nawab ofAwadh), this place has a collection ofroses of various varieties set by the sides of water fountains. Gulab Bari also houses a maqbara (Mausoleum) ofNawab Shuja-ud-Daula in the campus.
Bahu Begum ka Maqbara: ("the mausoleum of the queen bride")is the memorial built for the queen ofNawab Shujah-ud-Daulah, Unmatuzzohra Bano Begum. It is one of the tallest buildings in Faizabad and is an example of non-mughal Muslim architecture.[citation needed]
Guptar Ghat: The ghat (jetty) where Lord Rama is believed to have taken 'jal samadhi' (leaving the earth for 'Baikuntha', the divine abode of Lord Vishnu, by drowning himself). It has view of theSaryu River and its green banks and has several ancient temples.
Company Gardens : Adjoining Guptar Ghat, on the banks of River Saryu, is Company Gardens, a botanical garden built during British Rule. it has a well maintained, sprawling garden set amidst lush greenery. It also has an orchard spread over acres. Plants and Trees can also be bought here. The remains of the fort built by Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula after the battle of Buxar is also within walking distance.
Ghanta Ghar: The heart of Faizabad city, houses a clock tower (Ghanta means 'clock' in Hindi and Ghar is the Hindi word for 'house') in the middle of the city centre. All distances within the city are measured from this location. The place is also known as Chowk, which houses the main vegetable and spice market in the town.
Shringi Rishi Ashram: 35 km from Faizabad inGoshainganj is ashram of Sage (Rishi in Sanskrit/Hindi) Shringi. Shringi Rishi performed 'Putrakameshti Yajya' for King Dashrath of Ayodhya, after that Lord Rama and his three brothers were born. There is an ashram of Shringi Rishi situated at Sherwaghat nearMehbubganj 11 km fromGoshainganj on the banks of Saryu river at Sherwa Ghat. A temple of Shringi Rishi, is also located at Sherwaghat, and a fair is held every year in May in his honour. A cave is also located in Ayodhya district nearMehbubganj NearGoshainganj where he is supposed to have stayed.
Maharshi Balmiki Ashram Babuapur : Named after the saint Maharishi Balmilki who wrote Ramayan in Sanskrit language in the time of Lord Rama. It is located 28 km from Faizabad city in Babuapur village directly connected with Dilasiganj.
Faizabad Chowk: Next to Ghanta Ghar, is the central market of Faizabad town. One can find vegetables, fruits and spices, jewellery shops, clothing and other retail.
Rikabganj: About a kilometre away from Chowk (towards Lucknow) lies the Rikabganj market which has a multitude of pharmacies. The market also has some seed shops which cater to the farmers of the adjoining regions.
Bajaja: (now known as Subhas Nagar)A place adjacent to Chowk towards Sultanpur Road holds a market for Clothes and garments. In Urdu Bajaja means cloth market. This area also holds major banks such as Union Bank of India, SBI and Allahabad Bank.
Fatehganj: This is a market mainly for wholesale grocery and other house hold items. This area is on the same road on which Bajaja falls. Hotel Krishna Palace is adjacent to the fountain near Ayodhya jail. This is the place which is near to Bus Station as well as Railway Station.
Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar International Sports Stadium Loc:26°43′47″N82°08′17″E / 26.72972°N 82.13806°E /26.72972; 82.13806 is an international standardsports complex being built onNH 330 (Faizabad toSultanpur Road) in Ayodhya district. The new sports complex would have astro turf, synthetic track, olympic size swimming pool, cricket field, hostels and other required facilities. It is the part of multi crore Rs. project for sports complex by state government. The Lokayukta office has received a complaint from one Bhanu Pratap Singh of Ayodhya who has accused the minister of corruption in the construction of Ayodhya International stadium. According to the complainant, the sports minister had a nexus with former sports director Hari Om and former project manager R.D. Prasad and had deliberately delayed the construction of the₹ 86 crore Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar stadium, paving the way for an escalation of costs to₹ 1.50 billion.[19][20]
Places adjacent to Faizabad | |
|---|---|
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
