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| FN CAL | |
|---|---|
 FN CAL on display at theNational Firearms Museum,United States. | |
| Type | Assault rifle |
| Place of origin | Belgium |
| Service history | |
| Used by | SeeUsers |
| Wars | Vietnam War Communist insurgency in Thailand Colombian conflict Nicaraguan Revolution Myanmar conflict The Troubles Lebanese Civil War Tuareg rebellion (1990–1995) 2014 Gaza War |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Ernest Vervier |
| Designed | 1963–66 |
| Manufacturer | FN Herstal |
| Unit cost | (FY2022) $820 |
| Produced | 1966–1975 |
| No. built | Approx. 30,000 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 3.35 kg (7.385 lbs) |
| Length | 980 mm (38.58 in) |
| Barrel length | 467 mm (18.4 in)[1] |
| Cartridge | 5.56×45mm NATO |
| Action | Gas-operated,rotating bolt |
| Rate of fire | 850 rounds/min |
| Feed system | 20-, 25-, or 30-round detachablebox magazine |
| Sights | Iron sights |
TheCAL (Carabine Automatique Légère,Light Automatic Carbine) is aBelgian assault rifle that was manufactured byFabrique Nationale. It was the first 5.56 mm rifle produced by theFabrique Nationale. It resembled the company's highly successfulFN FAL, but was an original design. Unlike the FAL, it was a market failure, although its development led to the more successfulFN FNC.
Prior to the development of the CAL, FN had already constructed a scaled-down FAL prototype before shelving the idea as unmarketable. Noting the growing sales success of the cheaper and simplerHK G3 rifle, FN decided that for any future rifle to be competitive in the marketplace, it would need to use fewer expensive precision-machined parts. These would be replaced by less expensive castings and stampings where possible. While the construction of the new CAL reflected these design principles, it was still relatively expensive and complex, and met with no significant sales. It was eventually dropped for the even less expensiveFN FNC.[2] A small number of FN CALs were sold to the civilian market in the US.
Although the weapon resembled a scaled-downFN FAL, it in fact used arotating bolt, unlike the FAL, which used atilting bolt design. The earlier models of the CAL had a three-round selector system, which allowed the weapon to fire a three-round burst with each trigger pull. The CAL could also fire in fully and semi-automatic modes.
The gun used long stroke gas piston to operate the bolt carrier, and the bolt itself hadinterruptedlugs to lock it into the chamber.[3]Locking lugs were cut diagonally at a steep angle. So while the bolt is rotating to unlock, bolt face is slowly moving back, giving primary extraction of the case. Similar feature can be seen onMG 30,MG 15,MG 17 andMG 34.
Belgium
Colombia[4]
Gabon[5]
Ireland:Provisional Irish Republican Army[6]
Lebanon:Lebanese Forces[5]
Mali:People's Movement for the Liberation of Azawad[7]
Mexico
Morocco:Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie[8]
Myanmar:Karen National Liberation Army;[4] captured by the Myanmar junta[9]
Nicaragua:National Guard andSandinistas
Palestine[10][4]
Thailand
Pahlavi Iran: Tested the CAL for consideration to the Imperial Iranian Army, but was never adopted.[11]
France: Tested the CAL in the late 1960s and early 1970s for military adoption. It had aMAS-49/56 style rifle grenade launching system. But was never adopted.[12]{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)