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This is a list of theextreme points of Europe: the geographical points that are higher or farther north, south, east or west than any other location inEurope. Some of these positions are open to debate, as thedefinition of Europe is diverse.

• Northernmost point.Cape Fligely,Rudolf Island,Franz Josef Land,Russia (81° 48′ 24″ N).^{[dubious –discuss]} Franz Josef Land is near the ill-defined border betweenEurope andAsia; if it is not considered a part of Europe, then the northernmost point is on the island ofRossøya,Svalbard,Norway (81°N).

• Southernmost point. Cape Trypiti,Gavdos Island,Greece (34° 48′ 02″ N) is the least ambiguous southernmost point of Europe. However, there are other contenders, depending on definition. The island ofCyprus, although geographically in Asia, has cultural links with Europe and it is also part of European Union; Cyprus's southernmost point is the British base atAkrotiri (34°35′N). The Portuguese islands ofMadeira are borderline between Europe andAfrica; their southernmost point is atBugio Island, at (32°24′14″N).La Restinga on the island ofEl Hierro (27°45′N) in the SpanishCanary Islands is yet further south and could be considered politically, though notphysiographically as part of Europe.
• Westernmost point.Monchique Islet,Azores Islands,Portugal (31° 16′ 30″ W) (If considered part of Europe, though it sits on theNorth American Plate). If not, then theCapelinhos Volcano,Faial Island,Azores Islands,Portugal (28° 50′ 00″ W), the westernmost point of theEurasian Plate above sea level.Bjargtangar (24° 31′ 55″ W) is Iceland´s Westernmost point and thus furthest west of a European country outsideGreenland (which belongs toDenmark). The westernmost part of Greenland is theCarey Islands group at 72°50'W.
• Easternmost point.Cape Flissingsky (69° 02′ E),Severny Island,Novaya Zemlya, Russia.

• Northernmost point.Cape Nordkinn (Kinnarodden),Norway (71°08′02″N 27°39′00″E)
• Southernmost point.Punta de Tarifa,Spain (36°00'00.2"N). This is the southernmost point of a small island connected to the coast by a causeway in 1808, so no longer an island. If manmade land is not accepted, the continental southernmost point is located slightly more to the North at 36°00'25"N.
• Westernmost point.Cabo da Roca,Portugal (9°29'56.44 W).^{[1][note 1]}
• Easternmost point. The easternmost point is dependent upon the various definitions of Europe's eastern border. Utilizing the most common definition of Europe's eastern edge (thewatershed divide of theUral Mountains), the easternmost point of the Ural watershed (and thus mainland Europe) lies on an unnamed 545-metre (1,788 ft) peak at68°18′37″N66°37′05″E / 68.31028°N 66.61806°E /68.31028; 66.61806 as shown on various detailed maps such as the Soviet General Staff maps and as shown onGoogle Earth/Maps. This peak is 17 km (11 mi) northeast of an 875-metre (2,871 ft) peak named Gora Anoraga and 60 km (37 mi) southwest of Ostrov Lediyev (island) on Arctic waters south of theKara Sea.

• Highest point. The highest point is dependent upon the definition of Europe:
  • TheCaucasus Mountainswatershed divide is the most common definition for the European/Asian border. This places the highest point atMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 metres; 18,506 feet), which is 11 km (6.8 mi) onto the European side of the Caucasus watershed divide.
  • If the Caucasus mountains are excluded, the highest point isMont Blanc, on the border between France and Italy (4,810 metres; 15,781 feet).
• Lowest point (natural, with open sky).Caspian Sea shore, Russia (28 metres; 92 feet below sea level).
• Lowest point (natural, under water).Calypso Deep,Ionian Sea, Greece (5,267 metres; 17,280 feet below sea level).
• Lowest point (natural, underground). Dependent upon the definition of Europe: eitherKrubera Cave, Abkhazia, Georgia (2196 metres; 7205 feet below surface) (also the deepest cave in the world)^[2] orLamprechtsofen, Austria (1,632 metres; 5,354 feet below surface).
• Lowest point (artificial, with open sky).Hambach surface mine (open-pit mine), Germany (293 metres; 961 feet below sea level).
• Lowest point (artificial, underground).Kola Superdeep Borehole, Russia (12,262 metres; 40,230 feet below surface). Also thedeepest artificial point on Earth.

• Cable car (and lift) –Klein Matterhorn, Switzerland (3,883 metres; 12,736 feet)
• Funicular –Mittelallalin, Switzerland (3,456 metres; 11,339 feet)
• Train (dead end) –Jungfraujoch, Switzerland (3,454 metres; 11,330 feet)
• Train (mountain pass) –Bernina Pass, Switzerland (2,253 metres; 7390 feet)^[3]
• Restricted access paved road (dead end) –Veleta (Sierra Nevada), Spain (3,300 metres; 10,827 feet)
• Paved road (dead end) –Ötztal Glacier Road, Austria (2,830 metres; 9,285 feet)
• Paved road (mountain pass) –Col de l'Iseran, France (2,770 metres; 9,090 feet)
• See also:List of highest paved roads in Europe andList of highest railways in Europe

• Lowest public tunnel –Ryfast Tunnel, Norway (292 metres (958 ft) below sea level)

• Northernmost station: Terminal station: unclear which is in service:Pechenga (railway station), Murmansk Oblast,Murmansk Oblast, Russia (274 kilometres (170 mi) fromCape Nordkinn)
• Easternmost station: Crossing of the watershed border of the Ural: Polyarnyj Ural station, literally named after the region ofPolar Urals,Komi Republic, Russia (180 km (110 mi) from the easternmost point)
• Southernmost station: Terminal station:Algeciras,Andalusia, Spain (20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast fromPunta de Tarifa)
• Westernnmost station: Terminal station:Tralee railway station,County Kerry, Ireland (70 km (43 mi) east from the westernmost point of Ireland)

• Northernmost station: Terminal station:Narvik,Nordland, Norway
• Easternmost station: Stop on the line Joensuu–Kontiomäki:Uimaharju,North Karelia, Finland
• Southernmost station: Terminal station:Algeciras,Andalusia, Spain
• Westernmost station: Terminal station:Cascais,Lisbon Region, Portugal

• Extreme points of Africa-Eurasia
• Extreme points of Earth
• Extreme points of Eurasia
• Extreme points of the European Union
• Geographical midpoint of Europe
• Geography of Europe
• List of highest points of European countries
• The world's most northern city, capital, island etc.

• Franz-Joseph-Land, the northernmost islandsArchived 2014-09-12 at theWayback Machine

• Geography of Europe
• Lists of extreme points
• Extreme points of Europe

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