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The expulsion of the Jews fromSicily began in 1493 when theSpanish Inquisition reached the island ofSicily and its population of more than 30,000 Jews.
At the time of its expulsion fromSicily, theJewish community in Sicily dated back to earlyRoman times. They were relatively untroubled on the island until the acceptance of theCrown of Aragon in Sicily in 1412. A great number of Jews had reached Sicily afterPompey's 63 BC sacking ofJerusalem.
After their enslavement under Roman rule, Jews in Sicily eventually assimilated into society and worked in professions such as philosophy, medicine, artisanal pursuits, and farming.
The exact number of Jews in Sicily at the time of expulsion is not certain, However, some have put the number of Jewish refugees at 36,000.[1]Also, in 1492, it is known the Jewish populations ofPalermo,Messina, and several other cities were considerable, and that there wereGiudeccas, or Jewish settlements, in over 50 places in Sicily, ranging in anywhere population from 350 to 5,000. At their height, Jewish Sicilians probably constituted from five to eight percent of the island's population.[1] The order wasn't only directed towardsJewishSicilians but also a smaller number ofMuslims and other religious communities were forced to convert.[2]
Muslims had ruled much of the Iberian Peninsula since the first invasion in 711. By the late Middle Ages, Christian kings had begun to wage war on the Moors and recapture some of the peninsula. After the marriage ofFerdinand II of Aragon to QueenIsabella I of Castile, the Moors were finally forced out of Granada in 1492, completing the so-calledReconquista of the Iberian Peninsula.
In 1479 Sicily andMalta came underAragonese rule. In 1492, as part of an attempt to maintain Catholic orthodoxy and purify their kingdom of Moorish influence,Ferdinand and Isabella ordered the forcedexpulsion or conversion of all Jews on pain of death. The date of the expulsion was extended from 18 September 1492 to 12 January 1493 to allow the extortion of opportunist tax levies.
Many Sicilian Jews fled to the neighboring mainland ofCalabria, where theSpanish Inquisition came later.[citation needed] Not all of the Sicilian Jews or other religious communities departed. A small number of Sicily's Jewish community converted to Catholicism and remained on the island.[3]
The great part of the Sicilian Jewish community fled to theOttoman Empire, especially to what is since the 20th centuryGreece,Cyprus and Turkey, and were well received there. The settlements of those Jews were in Greece and Turkey were large enough great to build their own congregations and to print books.[4][5]
The Jews have never returned en masse to Sicily. However, in 2005, for the first time since the expulsion, aPassover seder was conducted in Sicily (in Palermo), held by theMilanese progressiverabbi.