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Exogyra

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Extinct genus of bivalves

Exogyra
Exogyra flabellata
(Owl Creek Formation, LateCretaceous,Mississippi)
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Mollusca
Class:Bivalvia
Order:Ostreida
Family:Gryphaeidae
Genus:Exogyra
Say, 1820
Species

See text

Exogyra is an extinctgenus offossilmarineoysters in the familyGryphaeidae, the foam oysters or honeycomb oysters.[1] These bivalves were cemented by the more cupped left valve. The right valve is flatter, and the beak is curved to one side.Exogyra lived on solidsubstrates in warm seas[citation needed] during theJurassic andCretaceous periods.[2]

Taxonomy

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The formersubgenusExogyra (Aetostreon)Bayle, 1878,[3] is sometimes considered a separate genus due to a lack of the fine set of parallel ribs (chomata) separated by pits on the inner surface of the valves (which is present in the nominate subgenus).[4]

Species

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Exogyra costata, Prairie Bluff Chalk Formation (Maastrichtian); Starkville,Mississippi
Exogyra (subgenusExogyra)(Say, 1820)
  • Exogyra africanaSay, 1820[5]
  • Exogyra aquillanaStephenson, 1953
  • Exogyra arietinaRoemer, 1849[6]
  • Exogyra callophylaIhering, 1903
  • Exogyra cancellataStephenson, 1914
  • Exogyra clarkiShattuck, 1903
  • Exogyra columbellaMeek, 1876
  • Exogyra contortaEichwald, 1868
  • Exogyra costataSay, 1971
  • Exogyra davidsoniWhidborne, 1883[7]
  • Exogyra erraticostata Stephenson[8]
  • Exogyra fimbriataConrad, 1855
  • Exogyra flabellata(Goldfuss, 1833)
  • Exogyra ganhamorobaMaury, 1936
  • Exogyra guadalupaeWhitney, 1937 (thesis)
  • Exogyra haliotoideaMaury, 1936
  • Exogyra laevigataJ. de C. Sowerby, 1829[9]
  • Exogyra laeviusculaRoemer, 1849
  • Exogyra lanchaStoyanow, 1949
  • Exogyra levisStephenson, 1952
  • Exogyra mutatoriaWhite, 1887
  • Exogyra pauperculaCragin, 1893
  • Exogyra plexaCragin, 1893
  • Exogyra potosinaCastillo and Aguilera, 1895
  • Exogyra ponderosaRoemer, 1849
  • Exogyra praevirgulaDouville & Jourdy, 1924[10][11]
  • Exogyra quitmanensisCragin, 1893
  • Exogyra sergipensisMaury, 1936
  • Exogyra sigmoideaReuss, 1844[12]
  • Exogyra soleaMuller, 1910
  • Exogyra texanaRoemer, 1849
  • Exogyra upatoiensisStephenson, 1914
  • Exogyra whitneyiBose, 1910
  • Exogyra woolmaniRichards, 1947

Distribution

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Fossils ofExogyra have been found in:[2]

Jurassic

Afghanistan, Chile, China, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Germany, India, Kenya, Poland, Portugal, Somalia, Spain, Tanzania, the United Kingdom, and Yemen.

Cretaceous

Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Canada (British Columbia), Bulgaria, Chile, Colombia (Hiló Formation,Tolima,Macanal andChipaque Formations,Eastern Ranges),[13][14] Cuba, the Czech Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Greenland, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Madagascar, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, New Zealand, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, USSR, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, United States (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Wyoming), Venezuela, and Yemen.

References

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  1. ^"Evolution ofExogyra plexa". Archived fromthe original on 26 March 2008. Retrieved25 March 2008.
  2. ^abExogyra atFossilworks.org
  3. ^"†Exogyra (Aetostreon) Bayle 1878".Paleobiology Database. Fossilworks.Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved17 December 2021.
  4. ^Pugaczewska, Halina (1975)."Neocomian oysters from Central Poland"(PDF).Acta Palaeontologica Polonica.20 (1):47–72.
  5. ^Exogyra africana
  6. ^Roemer, F. (1849). Texas mit besonderer Rücksicht auf deutsche Auswanderung und die physischen Verhältnisse des Landes nach eigener Beobachtung. A. Marcus.
  7. ^Exogyra davidsoni atFossilworks.org
  8. ^Exogyra
  9. ^Lake.P., andRastall.R.H., (1913),A Text Book of Geology, 2nd edition, London: Edward Arnold's Geological series Page 426 and 436
  10. ^Exogyra praevirgula
  11. ^"Global Names Index". Archived fromthe original on 6 November 2014. Retrieved5 November 2014.
  12. ^Ivanov. M., Hrdlickova. S., and Gregorova. R., (2005), The Complete Encyclopedia of Fossils, 3rd. ed., Lisse: Rebo International, page 133
  13. ^Piraquive et al., 2011, p. 204
  14. ^Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p. 54

Bibliography

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Further reading

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  • National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Fossils
Exogyra


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