In the administration of theNorth American Numbering Plan,central office code protection is a numbering policy for maintaining localseven-digit dialing in communities that extend on both sides of the boundary line between multiplenumbering plan areas (NPAs), such as in cross-border towns on state lines. Code protection prevents the use of the same telephone number on both sides by not assigning the same central office code of one NPA in the adjacent NPA.[1]
Central office code protection was once common in communities on provincial or state boundary lines. It has been declining in use as inefficient allocation of numbering resources to the growing number ofcompetitive local exchange carriers has caused depletion of available number prefixes, often requiringten-digit local calls andoverlay plans where multiple area codes serve the same geographic location.
Despite its advantages where a community of interest reaches across an NPA boundary, central office code protection was only acceptable as long as it could be continued without the threat of central office code exhaustion in the NPA protecting the code.[1]
The entire 506-752 prefix is assigned toAliant Telecom (NB) and servesCampobello Island,New Brunswick.[2] Campobello is a border community[3] and is a local call toLubec, Maine,[4] inarea code 207.
The 207-733 prefix serves Lubec, split betweenFairPoint Communications and a pair of competitors usingnumber pooling.[5] Botharea code 506 and 207 use seven digits for local calls.
A seven-digit local call from Campobello to Lubec is possible, provided that 733-XXXX is not assigned to anything in the 506 area code which is local anywhere near Campobello. This may be done in one of two ways:
Similarly, Edmundston is local toMadawaska, Maine exchanges 207-316, 207-436 and 207-728.[7] The corresponding 506-316, 506-436 and 506-728 prefixes (as of 2014) are not issued by the Canadian Numbering Administrator (CNAC):
A few towns and suburbs on US state boundaries have onecentral office which serves both sides, using different prefixes in different area codes.[8]
If code protection is implemented by reserving every seven-digit number for a border town in both (or all) of the affected area codes, that community and points in its local calling area occupy numbering resources at double the otherwise-expected rate. This is a minor drawback in small cities with large rural area codes (as the numbers can easily be assignable in distant locations), but can consume numbers rapidly in larger centers such asSt. Louis orKansas City (where such protection must be maintained throughout most or all of the area code region, reducing its lifespan).
In large cities located directly on area code boundaries (such as Ottawa-Hull in613/819, the sixth-largest Canadian metropolitan area), this can lead to a situation where none of the many vacant prefixes can be assigned without breaking seven-digit calling across the area code boundary. Code protection in Ottawa-Hull broke down in 2006 for this reason. The 1-819 versions of Ottawa 1-613 numbers could not be assigned anywhere in western Quebec, even to areas a safe distance from the National Capital Region, such as the Eastern Townships or northwestern Quebec. Eventually, the few remaining prefixes in area code 819 could not be assigned without requiring ten-digit dialing from Ottawa to Hull.
A local calling area spanning three American or Canadian jurisdictions would require any number local to any part of the town to be reserved across all three (or more) area codes. This ultimately led to the breakdown of seven-digit calling between Washington, D.C. and its suburbs in 1991. Since the Washingtonlocal access and transport area (LATA) spills into portions ofMaryland andVirginia, every number in the area that was in Maryland'sarea code 301 and northern Virginia'sarea code 703 was given a "hidden" number in the District'sarea code 202. However, this meant that if a central office code was in use in any portion of the metro area, it could not be used even in areas a safe distance from Washington such as southwestern Virginia or theEastern Shore of Maryland.
Severing the border community from its exhausted home area code using asplit plan may prolong the life of a seven-digit exchange code protection scheme if the piece being split off is outside the extended local calling area. Code protection is most often removed entirely in large cities if anoverlay plan is implemented, as these plans break the seven-digit dialling that code protection was devised to preserve. The plan also can be expected to break down if new split-plan codes are added within a city the size of Chicago, as the city itself no longer fits into one seven-digit area.