| Ewondo | |
|---|---|
| Beti Cameroonian | |
Ewondo text on a blackboard at a school in Yaoundé, 2019 | |
| Region | Cameroon |
| Ethnicity | Beti people |
Native speakers | (580,000 cited 1982)[1] |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Cameroon |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | ewo |
| ISO 639-3 | ewo |
| Glottolog | ewon1239 |
A.72[2] | |
Ewondo also known asBeti orCameroonian is aBantu language spoken by theBeti people (more precisely Beti be Nanga, the people of the forest, or simply Beti) ofCameroon. The language had 577,700 native speakers in 1982. Ewondo is atrade language. Dialects include Badjia (Bakjo), Bafeuk, Bemvele (Mvele, Yezum, Yesoum), Bane, Beti, Enoah, Evouzom, Mbida-Bani, Mvete, Mvog-Niengue, Omvang, Yabekolo (Yebekolo), Yabeka, and Yabekanga. Ewondo speakers live primarily in Cameroon'sCentre Region and the northern part of the Océan division in theSouth Region.
Ewondo is aBantu language. It is a language of theBeti people, and is intelligible withEton.
In 2011, there was a concern among Cameroonian linguists that the language was being displaced in the country by French.[3]
Ewondo (Beti) covers the whole of the departments ofMfoundi,Mefou-et-Afamba,Mefou-et-Akono,Nyong-et-So'o,Nyong-et-Mfoumou (Central Region), and part ofOcéan Department (Southern Region).[4]
The Ewondo language originated in the forests south of the Sanaga river.
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio- velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | k͡p | ||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ɡ͡b | |||
| prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | ᵑᵐɡ͡b | |||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | |||||
| voiced | d͡z | ||||||
| prenasal | ⁿd͡z | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | h | |||
| voiced | v | z | |||||
| prenasal | ᶬv | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Lateral | l | ||||||
| Rhotic | r | ||||||
| Approximant | j | w | |||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-mid | e | ə | o |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
| Uppercase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | D | Dz | E | Ə | Ɛ | F | G | Gb | H | I | K | Kp | L | M | Mb | Mgb | Mv | N | Nd | Ndz | Ng | Ny | Ŋ | O | Ɔ | P | R | U | T | Ts | S | V | W | Y | Z |
| Lowercase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | b | d | dz | e | ə | ɛ | f | g | gb | h | i | k | kp | l | m | mb | mgb | mv | n | nd | ndz | ng | ny | ŋ | o | ɔ | p | r | u | t | ts | s | v | w | y | z |
| Phonemes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | b | d | d͡z | e | ə | ɛ | f | ɡ | ɡ͡b | h | i | k | k͡p | l | m | m͡b | mɡ͡b | ɱ͡v | n | n͡d | nd͡z | ŋ͡ɡ | ɲ | ŋ | o | ɔ | p | r | u | t | t͡s | s | v | w | j | z |
The tones are indicated with diacritics on the vowels:
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