| Eurovision Song Contest 1992 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date and venue | |
| Final |
|
| Venue | Malmö Isstadion Malmö, Sweden |
| Organisation | |
| Organiser | European Broadcasting Union (EBU) |
| Scrutineer | Frank Naef |
| Production | |
| Host broadcaster | Sveriges Television (SVT) |
| Director | Kåge Gimtell |
| Executive producer | Ingvar Ernblad |
| Musical director | Anders Berglund |
| Presenters | Lydia Capolicchio Harald Treutiger |
| Participants | |
| Number of entries | 23 |
| Returning countries |  Netherlands |
| |
| Vote | |
| Voting system | Each country awarded 12, 10, 8-1 point(s) to their 10 favourite songs |
| Winning song |  Ireland"Why Me" |
| 1991 ← Eurovision Song Contest →1993 Event page at eurovision.tv  | |
TheEurovision Song Contest 1992 was the 37th edition of theEurovision Song Contest, held on 9 May 1992 at theMalmö Isstadion inMalmö, Sweden, and presented byLydia Capolicchio andHarald Treutiger. It was organised by theEuropean Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcasterSveriges Television (SVT), who staged the event after winning the1991 contest forSweden with the song "Fångad av en stormvind" byCarola.
Broadcasters from twenty-three countries participated in the contest – a new record number of participants – with theNetherlands returning to the contest following a one-year break to join the twenty-two countries which had participated in the previous year's event.
The winner wasIreland with the song "Why Me", written byJohnny Logan and performed byLinda Martin. This marked Ireland's fourth contest win, and brought songwriter Logan his third win overall, having previously won the contest in1980 as singer and in1987 as both singer and songwriter. TheUnited Kingdom,Malta,Italy, andGreece also placed in the top five, with the United Kingdom recording its thirteenth second-place position and Malta and Greece achieving their best ever results in the contest.
The 1992 contest took place inMalmö, Sweden, following the country's victory at the1991 contest with the song "Fångad av en stormvind", performed byCarola. It was the third time that Sweden had hosted the contest, following the1975 and1985 events held inStockholm andGothenburg respectively.[1] The chosen venue was theMalmö Isstadion, normally used as an indoorice hockey arena and up until 2008 the home stadium of theMalmö Redhawks ice hockey team. Constructed in 1970, the venue had also previously hosted concerts byFrank Sinatra andJulio Iglesias amongst others.[2][3][4][5] With a typical capacity of 5,800 spectators for ice hockey matches, for the contest an audience of around 3,700 was present.[2][3]
 | This section contains numerous links to pages onforeign language Wikipedias. They are shown asred links with the language codes in [small blue letters] in brackets. Click on the language code to see the page in that language. |
| Eurovision Song Contest 1992 – Participation summaries by country | |
|---|---|
With theNetherlands making a return to the contest after missing the previous year's contest, andMalta continuing to participate following its return to the event in 1991, twenty-three countries in total competed in the 1992 contest – a new contest record.[6] Ahead of the 1991 event the Maltese broadcaster had been told by the contest organisers that they would only be allowed to remain in the competition if another nation dropped out of the event, however after placing sixth in the 1991 contest, the organisers instead decided to raise the maximum number of participating countries to twenty-three to make space for continued Maltese participation.[2][7] The contest marked the final participation ofYugoslavia, whose entry represented theFederal Republic of Yugoslavia for the first and only time, following the break-up of theSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the past year which had been responsible for all previous Yugoslav entries; following the 1992 contest Yugoslavia was excluded from participating and the nation would not return to the contest until2004, when it competed under its new nameSerbia and Montenegro.[8][9] The 1992 contest was notable in the fact that only two countries which had previously participated in past editions of the event were absent from the contest, namelyMonaco andMorocco.[5]
Among the competing entries at this year's contest was the first entry to be performed in aFrench Creole language, and the first appearance of a song performed in Luxembourgish since1960.[10][11]
The 1992 event featured a number of artists who had competed in previous editions for the same country:Sigríður Beinteinsdóttir andGrétar Örvarsson [is], two members ofHeart 2 Heart [is], had previously representedIceland in 1990 asStjórnin; Rom Heck, a member of the groupKontinent [lb], had representedLuxembourg in 1989 as a member of the groupPark Café [lb];Linda Martin had representedIreland in 1984;Mia Martini had representedItaly in 1977; and the groupWind had representedGermany in 1985 and1987.[10][12] Additionally,Evridiki participated as lead artist after previously performing backing vocals forCyprus in 1983,1986, and1987.[13]
| Country | Broadcaster | Artist | Song | Language | Songwriter(s) | Conductor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Austria | ORF | Tony Wegas | "Zusammen geh'n" | German | Leon Ives | |
 Belgium | RTBF | Morgane [fr] | "Nous on veut des violons" | French |
| Frank Fievez |
 Cyprus | CyBC | Evridiki | "Teriazoume"(Ταιριάζουμε) | Greek | George Theofanous | George Theofanous |
 Denmark | DR | Lotte Nilsson [da] andKenny Lübcke [da] | "Alt det som ingen ser" | Danish | Carsten Warming | Henrik Krogsgaard [da] |
 Finland | YLE | Pave | "Yamma Yamma" | Finnish | Olli Ahvenlahti | |
 France | Antenne 2 | Kali | "Monté la riviè" | French,Antillean Creole |
| Magdi Vasco Noverraz |
 Germany | MDR[a] | Wind | "Träume sind für alle da" | German | Norbert Daum | |
 Greece | ERT | Cleopatra [el] | "Olou tou kosmou i elpida"(Όλου του κόσμου η ελπίδα) | Greek | Christos Lagos | Haris Andreadis |
 Iceland | RÚV | Heart 2 Heart [is] | "Nei eða já" | Icelandic | Nigel Wright | |
| Ireland | RTÉ | Linda Martin | "Why Me" | English | Noel Kelehan | |
 Israel | IBA | Dafna | "Ze Rak Sport"(זה רק ספורט) | Hebrew | Kobi Oshrat | |
 Italy | RAI | Mia Martini | "Rapsodia" | Italian | Marco Falagiani [it] | |
 Luxembourg | CLT | Marion Welter [lb] andKontinent [lb] | "Sou fräi" | Luxembourgish |
| Christian Jacob |
 Malta | PBS | Mary Spiteri | "Little Child" | English | Paul Abela [de] | |
| Netherlands | NOS | Humphrey Campbell | "Wijs me de weg" | Dutch | Edwin Schimscheimer [nl] | Harry van Hoof |
 Norway | NRK | Merethe Trøan | "Visjoner" | Norwegian | Rolf Løvland | |
 Portugal | RTP | Dina | "Amor d'água fresca" | Portuguese | Carlos Alberto Moniz [pt] | |
 Spain | TVE | Serafín | "Todo esto es la música" | Spanish |
| Javier Losada |
 Sweden | SVT | Christer Björkman | "I morgon är en annan dag" | Swedish | Niklas Strömstedt | Anders Berglund |
 Switzerland | SRG SSR | Daisy Auvray [de;fr] | "Mister Music Man" | French | Gordon Dent | Roby Seidel [fr] |
 Turkey | TRT | Aylin Vatankoş [tr] | "Yaz Bitti" | Turkish |
| Aydın Özarı |
 United Kingdom | BBC | Michael Ball | "One Step Out of Time" | English |
| Ronnie Hazlehurst |
 Yugoslavia | JRT | Extra Nena [sr] | "Ljubim te pesmama"(Љубим те песмама) | Serbian |
| Anders Berglund |
The Eurovision Song Contest 1992 was produced by the Swedish public broadcasterSveriges Television (SVT).Ingvar Ernblad [sv] served as executive producer,Kåge Gimtell [sv] served as producer and director, Göran Arfs served as designer, andAnders Berglund served as musical director leading an assembled orchestra of around 50 musicians.[6][16][17] A separate musical director could be nominated by each participating delegation to lead the orchestra during its country's performance, with the host musical director also available toconduct for those countries which did not nominate their own conductor.[10] On behalf of theEuropean Broadcasting Union (EBU), the event was overseen by Frank Naef asscrutineer.[18][19][20]
Each participating broadcaster submitted one song, which was required to be no longer than three minutes in duration and performed in the language, or one of the languages, of the country which it represented.[21][22] A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance, and all participants were required to have reached the age of 16 in the year of the contest.[21][23] Each entry could utilise all or part of the live orchestra and could use instrumental-onlybacking tracks, however any backing tracks used could only include the sound of instruments featured on stage beingmimed by the performers.[23][24]
Following the confirmation of the twenty-three competing countries, the draw to determine the running order was held on 3 December 1991 and was conducted by Carola.[2]
The results of the 1992 contest were determined through the same scoring system as had first been introduced in1975: each country awarded twelve points to its favourite entry, followed by ten points to its second favourite, and then awarded points in decreasing value from eight to one for the remaining songs which featured in the country's top ten, with countries unable to vote for their own entry.[25] The points awarded by each country were determined by an assembled jury of sixteen individuals, which was required to be split evenly between members of the public and music professionals, between men and women, and by age. Each jury member voted in secret and awarded between one and ten votes to each participating song, excluding that from their own country and with no abstentions permitted. The votes of each member were collected following the country's performance and then tallied by the non-voting jury chairperson to determine the points to be awarded. In any cases where two or more songs in the top ten received the same number of votes, a show of hands by all jury members was used to determine the final placing.[26][27]
The stage design for the Malmö contest centred around a large representation of thebow of aViking ship, flanked on either side by sets of stairs, while a hexagonal design was used for the floor area in front which was painted to resemble theEurovision network logo.[6][11] To the left of the stage as seen by the audience sat the orchestra, while to the right stood a largevideo wall and a smaller stage for use by the presenters to introduce each act and during the voting sequence. Behind the Viking ship the backdrop featured a representation usingneon lighting of thespan of theÖresund Bridge, the construction of which had yet to begin but which would connect Sweden andDenmark, and thus connecting Sweden with the bulk of theEuropean mainland from 1999.[11][28][29]
Rehearsals in the contest venue began on 3 May 1992, focussing on the opening performances and interval act. The participating artists began their rehearsals on 4 May, and each participating delegation was afforded two technical rehearsals in the week of the contest, with countries rehearsing in the order in which they would perform. The first rehearsals, held on 4 and 5 May, saw each country given a 40-minute slot on stage, followed by a press conference. Each delegation was then given a second slot to rehearse on stage, this time for 30 minutes, on 6 and 7 May. Three dress rehearsals were held with all artists, two held in the afternoon and evening of 8 May and one final rehearsal in the afternoon of 9 May. Audiences were present for the latter two dress rehearsals, and the final afternoon dress rehearsal was also recorded for use as a production stand-by. During the contest week the participating delegations were also invited to a welcomereception, which was held inMalmö rådhus [sv].[2] The Yugoslav representative had been given additional security in the form of bodyguards and a doctor due to the breakout of theYugoslav Wars.[30]
This year's contest featured amascot: the "Eurobird", ananthropomorphic bird, featured as a computer animated character during the transition between the competing songs.[28][31]
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The contest took place on 9 May 1992 at 21:00 (CEST) with a duration of 3 hours. The show was presented by the Swedish journalists and television presentersLydia Capolicchio andHarald Treutiger.[6][10]
The opening sequence featured acomputer-generated animation showing the journey from the previous year's host cityRome to Malmö, including oversized models placed on theEuropean continent representing theColosseum, theLeaning Tower of Pisa, theAlps, theEiffel Tower, and structures in Malmö includingMalmö Castle,Kronprinsen and theHyllie Water Tower.[11][28] This was followed by performances within the venue by theMalmöflickorna [sv]rhythmic gymnastics troupe, involvingribbon choreography to an instrumental version of "Fångad av en stormvind", and the previous year's winning artist Carola who sang the song "All the Reasons to Live".[31][32] The interval act, entitled "A Century of Dance", featured David Johnson, Teresa Ibrahim, the Crazy Feat dance troupe and dancers from theNöjesteatern [sv], in a performance that showed the evolution ofdance in Sweden and worldwide over the previous century; among the music pieces featured during the performance was "It Must Have Been Love" originally recorded by the Swedish duoRoxette.[28][31][33] The trophy awarded to the winners was presented at the end of the broadcast by Carola.[33]
The winner wasIreland represented by the song "Why Me?", written byJohnny Logan and performed byLinda Martin.[34] This was the fourth time that Ireland had won the contest, following victoriesin 1970,1980, and1987.[35] Having come secondin 1984, Martin became the third artist to have placed both first and second in the contest, alongsideLys Assia andGigliola Cinquetti, and songwriter Logan, who had already won the contest twice as a performer in 1980 and 1987 – the latter win additionally as the songwriter – became the third individual to record two songwriting wins, alongsideWilly van Hemert and Yves Dessca, and became the first, and as of 2023[update] only, individual to record three wins as either singer or songwriter.[11][36][37] TheUnited Kingdom finished in second place for a record-extending thirteenth time, whileMalta andGreece recorded their best ever results to date with third- and fifth-place finishes respectively.[38][39][40] Conversely host countrySweden recorded one of its worst ever results, finishing 22nd and second-to-last, andFinland picked up its seventh last-place finish.[1][31] With Ireland, the United Kingdom and Malta taking the top three places, all entries which were performed in English reached the top positions.[6][41]
| R/O | Country | Artist | Song | Points | Place |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Spain | Serafín | "Todo esto es la música" | 37 | 14 |
| 2 | Belgium | Morgane | "Nous on veut des violons" | 11 | 20 |
| 3 | Israel | Dafna | "Ze Rak Sport" | 85 | 6 |
| 4 | Turkey | Aylin Vatankoş | "Yaz Bitti" | 17 | 19 |
| 5 | Greece | Cleopatra | "Olou tou kosmou i elpida" | 94 | 5 |
| 6 | France | Kali | "Monte la riviè" | 73 | 8 |
| 7 | Sweden | Christer Björkman | "I morgon är en annan dag" | 9 | 22 |
| 8 | Portugal | Dina | "Amor d'água fresca" | 26 | 17 |
| 9 | Cyprus | Evridiki | "Teriazoume" | 57 | 11 |
| 10 | Malta | Mary Spiteri | "Little Child" | 123 | 3 |
| 11 | Iceland | Heart 2 Heart | "Nei eða já" | 80 | 7 |
| 12 | Finland | Pave | "Yamma Yamma" | 4 | 23 |
| 13 | Switzerland | Daisy Auvray | "Mister Music Man" | 32 | 15 |
| 14 | Luxembourg | Marion Welter and Kontinent | "Sou fräi" | 10 | 21 |
| 15 | Austria | Tony Wegas | "Zusammen geh'n" | 63 | 10 |
| 16 | United Kingdom | Michael Ball | "One Step Out of Time" | 139 | 2 |
| 17 | Ireland | Linda Martin | "Why Me" | 155 | 1 |
| 18 | Denmark | Lotte Nilsson and Kenny Lübcke | "Alt det som ingen ser" | 47 | 12 |
| 19 | Italy | Mia Martini | "Rapsodia" | 111 | 4 |
| 20 | Yugoslavia | Extra Nena [sr;de;es] | "Ljubim te pesmama" | 44 | 13 |
| 21 | Norway | Merethe Trøan | "Visjoner" | 23 | 18 |
| 22 | Germany | Wind | "Träume sind für alle da" | 27 | 16 |
| 23 | Netherlands | Humphrey Campbell | "Wijs me de weg" | 67 | 9 |
Each participating broadcaster appointed a spokesperson, connected to the contest venue viatelephone lines and responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for its respective country.[21][43] Known spokespersons at the 1992 contest are listed below.
Finland – Solveig Herlin[44] France – Olivier Minne[45] Ireland – Eileen Dunne[46] Malta – Joanna Drake[47] Sweden – Jan Jingryd [sv][32] United Kingdom – Colin Berry[26]Jury voting was used to determine the points awarded by all countries.[26] The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in the order in which they performed, with the spokespersons announcing their country's points in English or French in ascending order.[28][26] The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below.
Total score | Spain | Belgium | Israel | Turkey | Greece | France | Sweden | Portugal | Cyprus | Malta | Iceland | Finland | Switzerland | Luxembourg | Austria | United Kingdom | Ireland | Denmark | Italy | Yugoslavia | Norway | Germany | Netherlands | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contestants | Spain | 37 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 1 | ||||||||||
| Belgium | 11 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Israel | 85 | 10 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 3 | ||||||||
| Turkey | 17 | 8 | 3 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Greece | 94 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 12 | 2 | 5 | 10 | 4 | 12 | 7 | 8 | 4 | ||||||||||
| France | 73 | 6 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 12 | 5 | 6 | 10 | 3 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Sweden | 9 | 1 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Portugal | 26 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cyprus | 57 | 3 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 3 | 8 | ||||||||||||
| Malta | 123 | 12 | 10 | 7 | 12 | 12 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 12 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 10 | 5 | |||||||||
| Iceland | 80 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 2 | |||||||||
| Finland | 4 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Switzerland | 32 | 5 | 12 | 4 | 1 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Luxembourg | 10 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Austria | 63 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 12 | 7 | ||||||||||||||
| United Kingdom | 139 | 5 | 12 | 2 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 12 | 7 | 12 | 8 | 12 | 7 | ||||||
| Ireland | 155 | 1 | 7 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 12 | 7 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 10 | 10 | ||||
| Denmark | 47 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 5 | ||||||||||||||
| Italy | 111 | 5 | 3 | 12 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 12 | 1 | 12 | ||||||||||
| Yugoslavia | 44 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Norway | 23 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| Germany | 27 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Netherlands | 67 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 7 | ||||||||||
The below table summarises how the maximum 12 points were awarded from one country to another. The winning country is shown in bold. Italy, Malta and the United Kingdom each received the maximum score of 12 points from four of the voting countries, with Ireland receiving three sets of 12 points, France and Greece receiving two sets of maximum scores each, and Austria, Iceland, Israel and Switzerland each receiving one maximum score.[48][49]
| N. | Contestant | Nation(s) giving 12 points |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | Italy | Finland, France, Netherlands, Norway |
| Malta | Luxembourg, Portugal, Spain, Sweden | |
| United Kingdom | Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany | |
| 3 | Ireland | Greece, Malta, Turkey |
| 2 | France | Israel, Switzerland |
| Greece | Cyprus, Italy | |
| 1 | Austria | Ireland |
| Iceland | United Kingdom | |
| Israel | Yugoslavia | |
| Switzerland | Iceland |
Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants".[23] Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers. These commentators were typically sent to the venue to report on the event, and were able to provide commentary from small booths constructed at the back of the venue.[50][51]
The contest was broadcast in 44 countries, including Australia, New Zealand and South Korea, with an estimated global audience of 150 to 250 million viewers.[2][52][53] Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.
| Country | Broadcaster | Channel(s) | Commentator(s) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Australia | SBS | SBS TV[f] | [91] | |
 Czechoslovakia | ČST | F1 [cs;sk][g] | [92] | |
 Estonia | ETV | Ivo Linna andOlavi Pihlamägi [et] | [93] | |
 Faroe Islands | SvF | [94] | ||
 Greenland | KNR | KNR[h] | [95] | |
 Hungary | MTV | MTV1[i] | István Vágó | [96] |
 Macedonia | MRT | MTV 1 | [90] | |
 Poland | TVP | TVP1 | Artur Orzech andMaria Szabłowska [pl] | [97][98] |
 Romania | TVR | TVR 1[j] | [99] | |
 Russia | RTR | RTR[k] | [101] | |
 Slovenia | RTVSLO | SLO 1 | Miša Molk | [102] |
 South Korea | KBS | KBS1[l] | Kang In-gu andKim Ja-young [ko] | [103] |
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