Estoril | |
|---|---|
.jpg) .jpg) .jpg)   Clockwise:Casino Estoril; Praia da Poça; Hotel Palácio Estoril; Tamariz Beach; Casino Gardens. | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Estoril Location of the civil parish of Estoril in the municipality ofCascais | |
| Coordinates:38°42′15″N9°23′54″W / 38.70417°N 9.39833°W /38.70417; -9.39833 | |
| Country | Portugal |
| Region | Lisbon |
| Subregion | Lisbon metropolitan area |
| District | Lisbon |
| Municipality | Cascais |
| Localities | Alapraia, Alto dos Gaios, Areias, Atibá, Galiza, Bairro da Martinha, Bairro Sto António, Bairro Fausto Figueiredo, Estoril, Livramento, Monte Estoril, Monte Leite, São João do Estoril, São Pedro do Estoril |
| Time zone | UTC0 (WET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (WEST) |
| Postal Zone | 2765-281 |
| Area code | (+351) 214 XX XX XX |
| Demonym | Santo António |
| Geographic detail from CAOP (2010)[1] produced by Instituto Geográfico Português (IGP) | |
Estoril (Portuguese pronunciation:[ɨʃtuˈɾil]) is a town in thecivil parish ofCascais e Estoril of thePortugueseMunicipality of Cascais, on thePortuguese Riviera. It is a popular tourist destination, withhotels, beaches, and theCasino Estoril. It has been home to numerousroyal families and celebrities, and has hosted a number of high-profile events, such as theEstoril Open and theLisbon & Estoril Film Festival.
Estoril is one of the most expensive places to live in Portugal and theIberian Peninsula. It is home to a sizable foreign community and known for its luxury restaurants, hotels, and entertainment.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Cascais is consistently ranked for its high quality of living, making it one of the most livable places in Portugal.[9][10]
Estoril may derive from theOld Portugueseestorga (heather) - a common plant in the area – with the final meaning of "place where heather grows or is abundant", or from the Old Portugueseastor (Northern goshawk), meaning a place where such birds live.[11]
The territory of Estoril has been inhabited for centuries, owing to its climatic conditions and favourable environment.[12] Throughout the civil parish there are scattered remains of these early communities —Phoenicians,Romans andArabs selected this area for its strategic place in Western Europe.[12] There are remains of Roman villas in the parish that push back the history of the region to the first millennium, when the settlements of the coast were dependent on the fishing ports. From these settlements, Estoril inherited a rich cultural heritage, architecture, toponymy, habits and customs.[12]
In 1147, during theReconquista, the region was brought under Christian control.[12]
Owing to its strategic location, the region was intimately linked to the PortugueseAge of Discovery and all the dynamic social and cultural upheavals that it originated.[12]
Its solid fortifications are a testament to the innumerable attacks bySpanish,French andEnglishpirates andprivateers. The many forts that dot the coastline are symbols of the resistance and battles that securedPortuguese independence and national interests.[12]
At the end of the monarchy, it was in the waters of Estoril that many sought refuge and escape. Aristocrats, nobles and others escaped through the ports along the Estoril coast to flee from the Republican forces.[12]
In the hilltop enclave of Monte Estoril (situated between Estoril and Cascais), is the Verdades-Faria Museum, built in 1917 by Jorge O'Neil.[12] In 1942, the building was bought by Mantero Belard[who?] and dedicated to the support of the arts and artists. Following his death, the building was donated to Cascais Council under the name of Verdades Faria and now houses the regionalMuseum of Portuguese Music.
During theSecond World War, the region was a centre of spies and diplomatic secrecy, situations that provided the region with a cosmopolitan atmosphere and sophistication.[12] Due to the vision of Fausto Cardoso de Figueiredo and his business partner Augusto Carreira de Sousa, it became an international tourist destination both during and after the Second World War.[12]
During that time, several dignitaries andexiles came to Estoril:Miklós Horthy, theregent ofHungary (lived and died in exile after the Second World War); theInfante Juan, Count of Barcelona (father ofJuan Carlos I of Spain) and the King resided in the territory, as didUmberto II of Italy andCarol II of Romania.[12] FormerKing Edward VIII theDuke of Windsor, briefly resided in an Estoril villa as more direct and reliably saferoutes to London from France for his escape were cut off byBlitzkrieg during the invasion.
It was also in this location that former Portuguese dictatorAntónio de Oliveira Salazar had a summer house. It was Salazar who ordered the construction of the E.N.6 motorway, more commonly referred to as theAvenida Marginal, in order for him to quickly travel by car between Cascais and Lisbon (until then the accessway was nothing more than a dirt road, where traffic could only travel at low speeds and make frequent stops).[12] The roadway permitted the dictator to travel rapidly, and with fewer stops, so as not to be recognized easily in transit.[12]
The 4thWorld Chess ChampionAlexander Alekhine died in Estoril in 1946 under unknown circumstances.[13]
The engineerJohn Tojeiro was born in Estoril.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 15,440 | — |
| 1981 | 24,312 | +57.5% |
| 1991 | 23,962 | −1.4% |
| 2001 | 23,769 | −0.8% |
| 2011 | 26,397 | +11.1% |
The Estoril coast is relatively close toLisbon, thePortuguese capital; it extends fromCarcavelos, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the capital, and stretches as far as the beach ofGuincho (sometimes referred colloquially as theCosta de Estoril-Sintra orCosta de Lisboa). Estoril includes several smaller boroughs and localities along the coastline, namely (from east to west): São Pedro do Estoril, São João do Estoril, Santo António do Estoril (or simply Estoril) and Monte Estoril, as well as other to the interior.
Estoril is popularly recognized for theCasino Estoril, widely regarded as Europe's largest casino.[12]
| Climate data for Monte Estoril, 1931-1960 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 22.0 (71.6) | 23.5 (74.3) | 27.6 (81.7) | 32.1 (89.8) | 34.0 (93.2) | 39.2 (102.6) | 38.9 (102.0) | 39.5 (103.1) | 35.3 (95.5) | 34.8 (94.6) | 28.2 (82.8) | 22.2 (72.0) | 39.5 (103.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 14.9 (58.8) | 15.8 (60.4) | 17.3 (63.1) | 19.4 (66.9) | 20.8 (69.4) | 23.6 (74.5) | 25.7 (78.3) | 26.0 (78.8) | 24.9 (76.8) | 22.0 (71.6) | 18.4 (65.1) | 15.7 (60.3) | 20.4 (68.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 11.8 (53.2) | 12.3 (54.1) | 14.0 (57.2) | 15.7 (60.3) | 17.1 (62.8) | 19.6 (67.3) | 21.4 (70.5) | 21.7 (71.1) | 20.8 (69.4) | 18.3 (64.9) | 15.0 (59.0) | 12.4 (54.3) | 16.7 (62.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.6 (47.5) | 8.8 (47.8) | 10.6 (51.1) | 12.0 (53.6) | 13.4 (56.1) | 15.6 (60.1) | 17.0 (62.6) | 17.4 (63.3) | 16.8 (62.2) | 14.6 (58.3) | 11.7 (53.1) | 9.2 (48.6) | 13.0 (55.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) | −0.9 (30.4) | 3.1 (37.6) | 5.8 (42.4) | 7.4 (45.3) | 10.4 (50.7) | 12.6 (54.7) | 12.6 (54.7) | 11.0 (51.8) | 8.3 (46.9) | 3.0 (37.4) | −0.9 (30.4) | −0.9 (30.4) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 97.0 (3.82) | 67.6 (2.66) | 91.0 (3.58) | 49.6 (1.95) | 38.0 (1.50) | 13.0 (0.51) | 2.4 (0.09) | 4.4 (0.17) | 28.61 (1.13) | 68.4 (2.69) | 82.3 (3.24) | 93.9 (3.70) | 636.21 (25.04) |
| Average rainy days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 14 | 11 | 14 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 10 | 13 | 13 | 106 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 82 | 77 | 78 | 73 | 74 | 74 | 71 | 73 | 75 | 76 | 79 | 81 | 76 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 161.1 | 183.0 | 209.1 | 275.7 | 315.6 | 342.8 | 383.7 | 356.6 | 279.1 | 234.9 | 184.2 | 162.8 | 3,088.6 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 53 | 60 | 56 | 70 | 71 | 77 | 85 | 84 | 75 | 68 | 61 | 55 | 68 |
| Source:Instituto de Meteorologia[14][15] | |||||||||||||
TheMuseum of Portuguese Music- Casa Verdades de Faria hosts an important collection of musical instruments related to popular music, assembled byMichel Giacometti.
Christine McVie, from the bandFleetwood Mac, wrote a song called "Nights in Estoril" for their albumTime.
Serbian-Portuguese authorDejan Tiago Stankovic publishedEstoril, a war novel in 2016, about Estoril during World War II.
The major localsports club is theGrupo Desportivo Estoril Praia.
Motorsport events are frequent at theEstoril Circuit, althoughFormula One is no longer on the circuit's calendar. This was due to the circuit not coming up toFIA safety standards, leading to the 1997 event being canceled. Following a review on safety, Estoril was reshaped in 1999, the first two corners being affected the most. Today's circuit is 4.183 km (2.599 mi) in length and is run in a clockwise fashion. The circuit also used to host MotoGP, among other lower formula events.
Estoril Open is a tennis tournament within theATP World Tour.
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There are numerous education opportunities in and near Estoril, including a number of private schools for expats. The German community hosts a kindergarten and elementary school campus of theGerman School of Lisbon.[16] True to the high-end living in the area, there are schools for tennis[2], art[3], and intensive academic training from age five through college[4][5]. There are dozens of schools in the area. Most appear to be private, though six of the public schools can be reviewed at Agrupamento de Escolas de Parede.[17]
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