In February 1915,Escadrille MS 31 was moved to defense ofVerdun. In April 1915, it returned toI Armee; on the 26th, it began re-equipping withNieuport 10 two-seaters.[1][a] By January 1916, theEscadrille 31 had rearmed with ten single-seaterNieuport 11s. When the unit acquired Lieutenant de Villeneuve as commander in mid April, he instituted the use of a Roman archer as theescadrille insignia. In October,Escadrille N 31 shifted to supportII Armee. The following month, the unit was incorporated intoGroupe de Combat II.Escadrille 31 began receivingSPADs on 7 January 1917. However, it would not totally rearm with SPADs until 17 September, when it was renamedEscadrille SPA 31.[1]
Theescadrille would serve as part ofGC through the remainder of the war. When the armistice came, it had been credited with 42 aircraft and fourobservation balloons destroyed, and have earned two citations from Army Corps.[1]
Franks, Norman; Frank W. Bailey.Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914-1918 Grub Street, 1992.ISBN0-948817-54-2,ISBN978-0-948817-54-0.
Bailey, Frank W., and Christophe Cony.French Air Service War Chronology, 1914-1918: Day-to-Day Claims and Losses by French Fighter, Bomber and Two-Seat Pilots on the Western Front. London: Grub Street, 2001.
Davilla, James J., and Arthur M. Soltan.French Aircraft of the First World War. Stratford, CT: Flying Machines Press, 1997.
Lefèbvre, Jean-Michel (October 1976). "Escadron 2/7 "Argonne" historique (2): escadrilles de traditions" [Historic Squadron 2/7 Argonne, Part 3: Ancestral Flights].Le Fana de l'Aviation (in French) (83):16–19.ISSN0757-4169.
Les escadrilles de l'aéronautique militaire française: symbolique et histoire, 1912-1920. Vincennes: Service historique de l'armée de l'air, 2004.ISBN2-11-094692-X
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