Ernst Trygger | |
|---|---|
_bild.jpg) Tryggerc. 1928 | |
| Prime Minister of Sweden | |
| In office 19 April 1923 – 18 October 1924 | |
| Monarch | Gustaf V |
| Preceded by | Hjalmar Branting |
| Succeeded by | Hjalmar Branting |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 2 October 1928 – 7 June 1930 | |
| Prime Minister | Arvid Lindman |
| Preceded by | Eliel Löfgren |
| Succeeded by | Fredrik Ramel |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1857-10-27)27 October 1857 Stockholm, Sweden |
| Died | 23 September 1943(1943-09-23) (aged 85) Stockholm, Sweden |
| Political party | National Party |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 3 |
| Alma mater | Uppsala University |
| Signature | .jpg) |
| Part ofa series on |
| Conservatism in Sweden |
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Commentators |
Ernst Trygger (27 October 1857 – 23 September 1943) was a Swedishconservative statesman, diplomat, and jurist who served asPrime Minister of Sweden from 1923 to 1924. He was leader of theNational Party from 1913 to 1933 and representedKopparberg andStockholm in theRiksdag from 1898 to 1937. An influential figure inSwedish conservatism and politics during the 20th century, he was known for his advocacy of constitutional order, strong executive authority, and cautious attitude towarddemocratic reform.[1][2][3]
Ernst Trygger was born on the island ofSkeppsholmen inStockholm, the Swedish capital. His father was military officer Alfred Trygger. Young Ernst made an astonishing career atUppsala University, where he became Professor of Law in 1889.
In 1891, Ernst Trygger marriedSigne Söderström, with whom he went on to have three children. In 1914 they had a large private villa built inDiplomatstaden, Stockholm, now home to theSwedish Bar Association.
After being elected into the first chamber of the Riksdag, Trygger gained a reputation as a good debater with deeply conservative values. He was a member of the committee of 1895-98 that was formed to revise the terms of theunion withNorway. In 1909, Trygger became leader of a conservative group in the first chamber. When the rightist wings joined together in 1913 to form theNational party of the first chamber, Trygger became the leader of a united rightist force in Swedish politics and as such he opposed the new influences of democracy andparliamentarism in the 1910s. His rival as conservative leader wasArvid Lindman, the main character in the more moderately conservative rightist party of the second chamber ofthe Parliament of Sweden.
At the time of kingGustav V's last power demonstration during the "Courtyard Crisis" of 1914, Ernst Trygger was secretly a royal advisor. However, after the constitutional reforms leading to equal suffrage, (first applied in 1921) Trygger accepted the new, more democratic, political landscape.
When the cabinet ofHjalmar Branting, the world's firstsocial democrat to be voted into power, resigned in 1923, king Gustav authorized (one of few remainders of real power still in royal hands) Trygger to head the government. Trygger had had a chance to reach this position already in 1920, but this was prevented by Lindman, who rather saw an unpolitical government before an upcoming election.
The major issue during Trygger's time in office was the question of defence and alignment. Leader of a minority cabinet, Trygger tried to reach a solution with broad acceptance through "intelligent adjustment" ("intelligent anpassning"). This failed due to lack of support from both the social democrats and theliberals. In the 1924 elections the support of the Right increased, nonetheless it was Branting who got to form cabinet, after even bigger electoral gains for the social democrats. Another reason in Branting's favour was the likelihood of a solution to the defence issue supported by both liberals and social democrats.
The confidence in Trygger's cabinet regarding international issues had also been somewhat damaged after an incident in the autumn of 1923. The Minister for Foreign Affairs,Carl Hederstierna, had openly during a speech before leading Swedish journalists declared his support for an defence alliance withFinland in the event of any Russo-Finnish dispute. This damaged Russo-Swedish relations at a sensitive point, when trade negotiations were about to be opened and fundamentally opposed the tacit principle of Swedish non-alignment. Hederstierna was swiftly replaced with countErik Marks von Würtemberg.
After having served as Minister for Foreign Affairs in the cabinet of Lindman 1928–30, Trygger cut down on his political involvement and concentrated on his academic commissions. He renewed the education of Law at Uppsala university and was known as a brilliant lecturer.
Ernst Trygger died in 1943, at the age of 85, from complications after having broken his leg.
Trygger framstod som den konservativa högerns främste företrädare, en försvarare av konstitutionell ordning och ett starkt regeringsvälde.
Conservatives of Arvid Lindman's and Ernst Trygger's generation accepted democracy — with grace or reluctance.
| Preceded by | Prime Minister of Sweden 1923–1924 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs 1928–1930 | Succeeded by |
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