Ernest Emery Harmon | |
|---|---|
 Captain Harmon in 1918 | |
| Born | February 8, 1893 Fort Worth, Texas, U.S. |
| Died | August 27, 1933(1933-08-27) (aged 40) Stamford, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | aviator, soldier |
CaptainErnest Emery Harmon, Army Air Corps (February 8, 1893–August 27, 1933) was an aviation pioneer. Lesser known than many of the major figures of early flight, his significant contributions during the golden age of aviation (aka the interwar years) resulted, by an act of Congress (June 23, 1948), in the naming ofErnest Harmon Air Force Base in his honor. Dedication ceremonies occurred on August 13, 1949, at the base inStephenville, Newfoundland.[1]
Harmon earned his wings in May 1918 atGerstner Field,Louisiana, where he went on to become a flight, gunnery, and bombing instructor. Later (after a hurricane devastated Gerstner Field) Harmon was transferred toWilbur Wright Field in Dayton, Ohio. During his career in the Signal Enlisted Corps, and the Army Air Corps, he also spent time atBolling Field,Washington, D.C.,France Field,Panama Canal Zone, andMitchel Field, Long Island.
From July 24 to November 9, 1919, Lieutenant Harmon piloted the first ever flight around the continental United States, four years beforeJohn A. Macready andOakley G. Kelly flew the first non-stop transcontinental flight across the United States, and eight years beforeCharles A. Lindbergh's historic Atlantic Ocean crossing. Also on the flight was his commanding officer, Lt. Col. Rutherford Hartz, and two mechanics, Sgt. Jerry Dobias and Sgt. Jack Harding. Original plans called for a second pilot, Lt. Lotha A. Smith, but due to an injury that resulted from a crash landing inJay, New York, he was forced to abandon the high risk mission shortly after it began. This left pilot Ernest "Tiny" Harmon (he was 6 feet 3 inches) with the primary responsibility of assuring the successful completion of the 3-month-long mission. The pioneering flight was monitored by the entire nation, and generated front-page headlines in newspapers across the country. Often landing in farmer's fields, when no airstrip was available, the Round-The-Rim flight set an unprecedented milestone during the formative years of winged flight. The efforts of the R-T-R crew resulted in helping to establish, and improve landing strip markings and design, navigation and mapping standards, and basic aviation communication. Among the many objectives of the flight were to prove aircraft endurance over long flights, establish new air fields, generate enthusiasm for commercial and military aviation, and to inspire new recruits into military aviation service.[2]
In the March 30, 1919 issue of theNew York Sun newspaper Harmon wrote an extensive article that provided a detailed plan for how to successfully complete the first transatlantic flight in a "heavier than air machine". While Harmon enthusiastically volunteered to be the pilot of the historic flight, his commanding officers in the Army had other plans for him (i.e. The "RIM" flight).
Also in theNew York Sun article, Harmon clearly articulates his uncanny vision of the future of aviation. Included in his vision of the future are:
On 22 May 1920, Harmon was the pilot for the first flight of theLWF model H Owl atMitchel Field,Long Island, New York, a design intended for use as a mail plane.[3]
During his historic return flight to St. Louis on June 17, 1927, shortly before 1:00 pm while Lindbergh was flying over Springfield, Ohio, Army aviators from Bolling Field, D.C. and Selfridge Field, Mich. took off from Wright Field in Dayton, Ohio to provide a 21 plane flying escort for "The Spirit of St. Louis" and its ace pilot "Lucky Lindy". Lindbergh circled, but did not land at Wright Field. Instead, the assemblage of Army air aces escorted Lindbergh on his way back to St. Louis. Ernest "Tiny" Harmon, based at Bolling Field at the time, flew one of the escort planes.[4]
In an interview with "The Belvidere Daily Republican" newspaper Harmon provided the following comments:[5]
"Lindy has given aviation a boost all over the country" observed Lieut. E.E. "Tiny" Harmon who flew with the colonel (Lindbergh) in Army air training camps.
"The biggest kick Army pilots get out of his feat is the fact that, if he did get across the ocean, he would land in Paris after dark on a perfectly strange field. Knowing the danger of such an effort, aside from getting over the ocean, he just went ahead and did it. That's what gets the pilots. And, he's helped aviation everywhere. I know two boys who bought a commercial plane the day before Lindy landed in Paris. They paid for it out of their receipts in three days. It's the same now with all commercial aviation. Lindy has rescued it."
On February 19, 1919, Lieutenant Harmon set an air speed record flying a 400 hp LePere aeroplane from Washington, D.C. toNew York City, achieving 165.1 miles per hour (265.7 km/h) and covering the distance in 85 minutes. After the flight, his passenger, Lt. Col. R.F. Hartz said Lt. Harmon "burnt the air" in order to accomplish the unprecedented feat.
On June 30, 1919, Harmon flew aMartin MB-1 bomber non-stop from the Martin factory inDayton, Ohio to Washington D.C., covering the 390 miles (630 km) in three hours and 45 minutes, yet another speed record for him at the time.
On October 14, 1925 at theNational Air Races, at Mitchel Field piloting aHuff-Daland XLB transport plane, Harmon won theDetroit Daily News Trophy and $1000 in Liberty bonds by achieving a speed of 119.91 miles per hour (192.98 km/h)[6] over a course of 120 miles.
On May 30, 1919, Harmon's wife, Harriette Alexander Harmon, was a passenger on one of his flights from Bolling Field in Washington D.C. to Hazelhurst Field ( aka Mitchel Field ),Long Island. This flight, which took off at 11:10 am and lasted two hours and forty five minutes, established Mrs. Harmon as the first woman ever to fly from the nation's capital to New York City. Other passengers included Col. Robert E. O'Brien, Col. William C. Sherman, and Maj. Raycroft Walsh.[7]
Lieutenant Harmon was the first pilot ever to fly the giant L.W.F "Owl" Bomber with its three 400 hp Liberty motors.
In 1924, Harmon piloted the infamousBarling Bomber. He took off from Mitchel Field and crash landed literally across the street inRoosevelt Field, Long Island. After the flight, he deemed the Barling Bomber as "not yet airworthy".[8] Ultimately in 1928, GeneralHap Arnold ordered the plane destroyed due to its inferior and unsafe design.
In 1926, Harmon, with his bombardier Harold George, won the bombing contest in the "heavier than air bomber" category at the international air races in Philadelphia.[9]
While Capt. Harmon met an untimely death in an aviation accident in 1933, he is credited with having recruited, and mentored the careers of many individuals who went on to become heroes, and leaders in the United States military. In 1924, Harmon saw promise in a young University of Maryland football quarterback namedPete Quesada. Harmon took Quesada flying out of Bolling Field in Washington D.C. and successfully recruited him on the same day into the Army Air Service.[10] Harmon, himself a former football player at Bethany College, West Virginia, had an ulterior motive in recruiting Quesada into the Air Service. It was to include Quesada on the Air Service football team at Kelly Field in San Antonio, Texas while he was in flight training. Later in his career, Gen. Pete Quesada, and his Ninth Air Tactical Command, led the air invasion onD-Day (June 6, 1944 aka "Overlord") duringWorld War II. Lt. Gen Pete Quesada is widely recognized as having developed the strategy of proving the successful use of tactical "close air support" to ground troops during combat. After WWII, President Dwight Eisenhower appointed Pete Quesada to be the first director of the Federal Aviation Administration. President Eisenhower also tasked Quesada with site acquisition and oversight of the construction of Dulles International Airport.
In 1918, while an instructor atGerstner Field, Louisiana, Harmon trained the controversial Lieutenant Edmund G. Chamberlain who was reported to have shot down five enemy aircraft in one day during the first World War.[11]
In June 1932, Harmon was promoted to captain and was assigned commanding officer of the 5th Observation Squadron at Mitchel Field, Long Island. He died 14 months later.
Harmon Drive at Lackland Air Force Base is named in Captain Harmon's honor.
A documentary video about Captain Harmon's family, career, and pioneering contributions to early aviation can be viewed by searching for "Ernest Emery Harmon" inYouTube[12]
