Eritrea gained independence fromEthiopia on May 24, 1991, after theEritrean War of Independence. Since the inception of the war in the 1960s, many immigrants from Eritrea left for the United States. By 2000, the Eritrean community in the U.S. had grown to around 30,000 members.[7]
Eritrean Americans have since established ethnic enclaves in various places around the country, particularly in theWashington, D.C. area.Fairfax Avenue inLos Angeles, California has come to be known asLittle Ethiopia, owing to its many Ethiopian and Eritrean businesses and restaurants. TheTemescal neighborhood ofOakland, California has many Ethiopian and Eritrean businesses and restaurants.[8] Additionally, Eritreans have opened a number of garages and auto repair shops.[7] They also run several taxi establishments, including the Eritrean Cab company based inSan Diego.[9]
The exact number of Eritrean residents in the United States is unknown because Eritreans were listed as Ethiopian nationals prior to Eritrea'sindependence in the early 1990s.[7] According to theU.S. Census Bureau, approximately 18,917 people reported Eritrean ancestry in 2000.[4] Between 2007 and 2011, there were approximately 25,848 Eritrea-born residents in the country.[3]California had the most Eritrean-born people, at 4,782 residents, followed byVirginia (3,417),Texas (2,693), andMaryland (1,902).[10]
The Eritrean community in the United States is represented by various Eritrean-run organizations. Among these are the Eritrean American Community Association of Georgia, Eritrean American Community in the Washington D.C. metropolitan area,[12] Eritrean Community Center of Greater New York,[13] Eritrean American Community in Dallas,[14] Eritrean Community Association in Chicago,[15] Eritrean Community Center of Minnesota,[16] Eritrean Association in Greater Seattle,[17] and Eritrean American Community in Sacramento.[18]
In 2001, a chapter of theEritrean Liberation Front–Revolutionary Council was also established in Chicago. The National Union of Eritrean Women likewise routinely holds meetings and activities in the city.[7]
Additionally, theVirginia-based Eritrean Sports Federation in North America (ERSFNA) annually hosts a soccer tournament for Eritrean residents. It also organizes adult and youth sports community programs in various U.S. cities.[19]
The Eritrean Muslims Association in North America (EMANA) and Eritrean Muslims Council (EMC) serve the Eritrean community'sMuslim adherents.[20][21] Christians also gather in a number ofEritrean Orthodox,Protestant andRoman Catholic churches.[7]
Nipsey Hussle (1985-2019) - Ermias Joseph Asghedom, known professionally as Nipsey Hussle, was partially Eritrean and an American rapper, songwriter, entrepreneur, community activist, philanthropist, and actor
Hepner, Tricia Redeker. “Eritrean Immigrants.”Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans. Ed. Ronald H. Bayor, (Greenwood, 2001) pp 617–47. .
Sorenson, John. “Discourses on Eritrean Nationalism and Identity.”Journal of Modern African Studies 29, no. 2 (1991): 301–17.
Tesfagiorgis, Mussie G.Eritrea (Africa in Focus). (ABC-CLIO, 2011).
Ockerstrom, Lolly. "Eritrean Americans."Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 2, Gale, 2014), pp. 87–96.online
^Those are traditions and denominations that trace their history back to theProtestant Reformation or otherwise heavily borrow from the practices and beliefs of theProtestant Reformers.
^abcdefThis is more of a movement then an institutionalized denomination.
^Denominations that don't fit in the subsets mentioned above.
^Those are traditions and denominations that trace their origin back to theGreat Awakenings and/or are joined together by a common belief that Christianity should be restored along the lines of what is known about the apostolic early church.
^The Holiness movement is an interdenominational movement that spreads over multiple traditions (Methodist, Quakers, Anabaptist, Baptist, etc.). However, here are mentioned only those denominations that are part of Restorationism as well as the Holiness movement, but are not part of any other Protestant tradition.
