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Enns | |
|---|---|
 Main square with the tower | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Enns Location within Austria | |
| Coordinates:48°13′0″N14°28′30″E / 48.21667°N 14.47500°E /48.21667; 14.47500 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Upper Austria |
| District | Linz-Land |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Christian Deleja-Hotko (SPÖ) |
| Area | |
• Total | 33.29 km2 (12.85 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 281 m (922 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01)[2] | |
• Total | 11,937 |
| • Density | 358.6/km2 (928.7/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 4470 |
| Area code | 07223 |
| Vehicle registration | LL |
| Website | www.enns.at www.enns.or.at |
Enns (German pronunciation:[ɛns]ⓘ) is a town in theAustrian state ofUpper Austria on the riverEnns, which forms the border with the state ofLower Austria.
Enns was one of the first places in Austria to receive town rights. Its charter dates to 22 April 1212; the document is displayed at the local museum. The date is also depicted on the municipal tower, the landmark of Enns.
Enns extends for 7.5 km from north to south and 8.6 km from west to east. Its total area is 34.3 km², of which 12.8% are covered withforest, and 64.1% are used foragriculture.
The municipality can be subdivided into the districts of Einsiedl, Enghagen, Enghagen am Tabor, Enns, Ental, Erlengraben, Hiesendorf, Kottingrat, Kristein, Kronau,Lorch, Moos, Rabenberg and Volkersdorf.
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The first settlements in the area of the mouth of theEnns river to theDanube date back to 4,000 years ago.Celts settled the land around 400 BC. Their kingdom ofNoricum was incorporated into theRoman Empire in 15 BC and was designated as aRoman province under the reign of EmperorClaudius in AD 45.
In the second and third century, the Roman camp ofLauriacum, in which up to 6,000 soldiers were stationed, was located on the site of modern Enns. The adjacent settlement (today:Lorch) received the privileges of amunicipium in 212 from EmperorCaracalla. At that time about 30,000 people lived here. During theDiocletian Persecution of Christians, a commander of theRoman army,Saint Florian, died as amartyr atLauriacum on 4 May 304, when he was drowned in the Enns river. Only nine years later, the EmperorConstantine I proclaimed religious tolerance with theEdict of Milan. About 370, anEarly Christian basilica was built on the remains of aJupiter temple andLauriacum was the see of abishop until 488. The presentBasilica of St. Lawrence atLorch was built in 1344 on the foundations of the old church[3]
About 900, theEnisiburg fortress, laterEnnsegg Castle [de], was built on the Georgenberg hill to serve as a protective fortress againstMagyar invasions. The surrounding settlement prospered from the 12th century onwards, whenOttokar II, Margrave of Styria established amarket here. In 1186 theGeorgenberg Pact was signed, an inheritance contract betweenOttokar IV, Duke of Styria, who lacked a male heir, and theBabenberg duke ofAustria,Leopold V. Following the death of Ottokar IV in 1192, hisDuchy of Styria — then significantly bigger than the contemporary state, reaching from present daySlovenia toUpper Austria — fell to the House of Babenberg. Thus, Enns became Austrian.
AsLeopold VI, Duke of Austria, endowed Enns with town privileges in 1212, it is now considered Austria's oldest town (apart from the Roman municipal status). The landmark of Enns, the belfry (municipal tower) on the Main Square, was erected between 1564 and 1568 as a bell tower, watch and clock tower during the reign of emperorMaximilian II.
Jewish moneylending in Enns is mentioned by a 1393 contract.[4]
Leopold Löw theorized that the Yiddish term "schlemiel" (fool) originated in mockery of Shlomiel of Enns, a 14th-century rabbi.[5] According toYaakov Levi Moelin (c. 1365–1427), "Shlomiel of Enns once went to study abroad, and his wife gave birth eleven months later. But all agree that she did not cuckold him, given her great piety." Moelin also recounts that Shlomiel was in mourning onePurim.[6] TheTalmud says that a woman can delay giving birth for twelve months if her husband goes away on a trip.[7]
In 1420, a certain Jew in Enns named Israel (perhaps the "Isserlein of Enns" recorded as a Vienna homeowner[8]) was accused of desecrating ahost. After obtaining confessions through torture,Albert II seized all Jewish property in Austria and redistributed it to Christians. He then imprisoned, tortured, and forcibly converted the roughly 2,000 Jews of Austria. Those who did not convert, commit suicide, or escape (some 90 men and 120 women) wereburned at the stake on 12 March, 1421.[9][10][11]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1869 | 5,624 | — |
| 1880 | 5,733 | +1.9% |
| 1890 | 6,001 | +4.7% |
| 1900 | 5,552 | −7.5% |
| 1910 | 5,799 | +4.4% |
| 1923 | 5,630 | −2.9% |
| 1934 | 6,679 | +18.6% |
| 1939 | 7,419 | +11.1% |
| 1951 | 8,446 | +13.8% |
| 1961 | 8,919 | +5.6% |
| 1971 | 9,678 | +8.5% |
| 1981 | 9,728 | +0.5% |
| 1991 | 10,190 | +4.7% |
| 2001 | 10,611 | +4.1% |
| 2011 | 11,275 | +6.3% |
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The municipal council consists of 37 members. Since the 2003 elections, party representation on the council has been as follows:
The current mayor is Christian Deleja-Hotko, a Social Democrat.
In 1991, Enns had 10,192 inhabitants according to the census. The number grew to 10,639 in the census of 2001.[citation needed]
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