| Enlil-bānī land grant kudurru | |
|---|---|
 Land grant to Enlil-bānīnišakku-priest, actually part of a dedicatory cone | |
| Material | Clay |
| Height | 25 cm |
| Created | c. 1313 BC |
| Discovered | 1883 Iraq |
TheEnlil-bānī land grantkudurru is an ancientMesopotamiannarû ša ḫaṣbi, or clay stele, recording the confirmation of a beneficial grant of land byKassite kingKadašman-Enlil I (c. 1374–1360 BC) orKadašman-Enlil II (1263-1255 BC) to one of his officials. It is actually aterra-cotta cone, extant with a duplicate, the orientation of whose inscription, perpendicular to the direction of the cone, in two columns and with the top facing the point, indicates it was to be erected upright, (on its now eroded base), like other entitlement documents of the period.
Excavated byHormuzd Rassam on behalf of theBritish Museum at Abu Habba, ancientSippar, accessioned in 1883 and given Museum references BM 91036 and BM 135743, the cones stand around 25 cm (9.8 in) in height and have both lost their bases. They commemorate the donation of a sixtyGUR field in twenty-three preserved lines on two columns and are without evidence of any of the sculptured religious iconography usually associated with this type of monument.[1]
The donor of the original grant is identified asKurigalzu I, son ofKadašman-Ḫarbe I. The clay cone memorializes the confirmation of this land grant on Enlil-bānī's son or descendant, possibly his immediate successor to the office ofnišakku-priest, Ninurta-nādin-aḫḫē, by Kadašman-Enlil I, the monarch under whom he attained this office, or alternatively a descendant under the later reign of Kadašman-Enlil II. Brinkman considered that there was no compelling reason for either choice.[2] These kings' names are written with the divine determinative:dka-daš-manden-líl anddku-ri-gal-zu, not normally considered a characteristic of Kassite king-names prior to the reign ofKurigalzu II (ca. 1332–1308 BC) although the evidence is scanty. The inscription is important as it was the first to distinguish unambiguously that Kadašman-Ḫarbe and Kadašman-Enlil were two different people and that, although theKassite deity Ḫarbe was considered equivalent in their pantheon toEnlil, as witnessed on a Kassite-Babylonian vocabulary or synonym list, he was inscribed quite differently.[3]
An individual by the name of Enlil-bānī is known in the genealogy of several people, such as his grandson, Enlil-kidinnī, who would become the prominentšandabakku or governor ofNippur, and a descendant, Ninurta-rēṣušu, who was also to enjoy the post ofnišakku-priest during the reign ofNazi-Maruttaš (ca. 1307–1282 BC), where Enlil-bānī is identified as having been therabânum ofKUR.TI, or mayor of the town later known asDur-Kurigalzu. If this identification is correct, it would favor a dating of the artifact to the reign of Kadašman-Enlil I.[4]
