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Engine turning is a form ofornamental turning. The finishing technique may use lathes or engines to produce a pattern.Aluminium is often the metal chosen to decorate. The technique has been used in various industries, including aircraft and document verification.
Engine turning is a form of ornamental turning.[1] The technique geometrically applies a single-point cutting tool to produce a decorative metal surface finish pattern.[1][2]
Traditionally, engine turning referred toGuilloché engraving.[3] In the 20th century, it also came to refer to the different process ofPerlée (also known as spotting, jewelling, perlage), which is a finegeometric pattern of overlapping circles abraded onto the surface.[3]
Guilloché engine turning may be done with various machines, includingrose engines,straight-line engines,brocade engines, andornamental turning lathes.[1][2] Perlage uses an abrasive rotating disk ordowel.[1]
Aluminium is often the metal chosen to decorate with jewelling, but any appropriate[clarification needed] surface can be finelymachined to produce intricate repetitivepatterns that offer reflective interest and fine detail.[1][4][3]
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Perlée-style engine turning was used on the sheet metal panels of the enginecowling (nose) ofCharles Lindbergh's aircraft, theSpirit of St. Louis.
The sheet metal parts of the World War IFokkerEindecker fighters aircraft series, especially around the engine cowl and associated sheet metal, are noted for having a "dragged" form of engine turning entirely covering them. The tool creating the "swirls" was repeatedly moved along a short, irregular path each time while pressed against the metal, to create the intricate appearance that was characteristic of the aircraft's sheet-metal parts. It is partly surmised to have been a mechanical method to "clad" aduralumin-alloy sheet-metal panel with a layer of pure aluminum, for corrosion protection.[citation needed]
In the 1920s and 1930s, automobile parts such asvalve covers, which are right on top of the engine, were also decorated with perlage engine turning. Similarly,dashboards or the instrument panel of the same were often perlaged.Customizers also would similarly decorate their vehicles with perlage engine-turned panels.
Engravings produced by engine turning are often incorporated into the design ofbank notes, and other high-valuedocuments, to makecounterfeiting difficult. The resulting graphics are calledguillochés.
Perlage engine turning is also used on various firearm components to prevent corrosion by holding traces of oil and lubricants on the surface, in turn to a polished surface resulting in a smooth operation.
Guilloché and perlage are traditional techniques used in have been used in thewatch-making.[1]
