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Theend-blown flute (also called anedge-blown flute orrim-blown flute) is awoodwind instrument played by directing an airstream against the sharp edge of the upper end of a tube. Unlike arecorder ortin whistle, there is not a ducted flue voicing, also known as afipple. Most rim-blown flutes are "oblique" flutes, being played at an angle to the body's vertical axis. Anotched flute is an end-blown flute with a notch on the blowing surface. Alip-valley flute is a type of notched flute.
End-blown flutes are widespread in folk music and art music. InEurope, the Russians have thesvirel, attested from at least the 11th century. In theMiddle East andMediterranean theney is frequently used, constructed from reed. Depictions of early versions of the ney can be found in wall paintings inancient Egyptian tombs, indicating that it is one of the oldest musical instruments in continuous use. Several ancient Persian artworks depict the use of the ney.
The Persian ney has six finger holes, is blown with a specific technique that is found in a couple other occurrence by creating a flow of air between the tongue and the upper teeth while keeping the blowing end under the upper lip. Modern instruments often use a piece of plastic rolled in a tube to protect the instrument, older instrument could use copper.
The Arabicnay and the Turkishney are played differently, outside the mouth, blowing the air towards the circumference of the mouth end, and feature seven finger holes - both are played in the same fashion but the Turkish version has an added horn or wood mouthpiece to facilitate the technique.
InTurkey theney andkaval are both end-blown, although one type of Turkish kaval (dilli kaval) has a fipple. The kaval is also played throughout the Balkan countries of Bulgaria, Albania, Serbia, North Macedonia, and elsewhere. TheTurkish ney plays a prominent role in classical Turkish music and Mevlevi (Sufi) music.
China has thexiao,Japan has theshakuhachi andKorea has thedanso andtongso. People of theAndes play thequena, theHopi and their predecessors theAncestral Puebloans of theAmerican southwest have and had a lain-ah[1] flute using techniques similar to the neys (both Arabic and Persian). Thewashint is anEast African flute.Panpipes are rim-blown in the same fashion with their lower ends stopped, bound together in a row or "raft".
InPolynesia, theMāori ofNew Zealand play a number of end-blown flutes with the oblique method, including thekōauau,[2] thengūru and thepūtõrino.
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