| Emperor Heizei 平城天皇 | |||||
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| Emperor of Japan | |||||
| Reign | 806–809 | ||||
| Enthronement | April 9, 806 | ||||
| Predecessor | Kanmu | ||||
| Successor | Saga | ||||
| Born | Ate (安殿) 773 | ||||
| Died | August 5, 824(824-08-05) (aged 50–51) Heijō-kyō (Nara) | ||||
| Burial | Yamamomo no misasagi (楊梅陵) (Nara) | ||||
| Spouse | Fujiwara no Tarashiko/Taishi | ||||
| Issue |
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| House | Imperial House of Japan | ||||
| Father | Emperor Kanmu | ||||
| Mother | Fujiwara no Otomuro | ||||
Emperor Heizei (平城天皇,Heizei-tennō; 773 – August 5, 824), also known asHeijō-tennō, was the 51stemperor of Japan,[1] according to the traditionalorder of succession.[2] Heizei's reign lasted from806 to 809.[3]
Heizei was the eldest son of theEmperor Kanmu and empressFujiwara no Otomuro.[4] Heizei had three empresses and seven sons and daughters.[5]
Heizei is traditionally venerated at his tomb; theImperial Household Agency designatesYamamomo no Misasagi (楊梅陵, Yamamomo Imperial Mausoleum), inNara, as the location of Heizei'smausoleum.[1] The site is publicly accessible.[6] Although one of the largestkofun monuments in Japan, archaeological investigations in 1962–1963 indicate that it was constructed in the early 5th century, and that portions of it were destroyed during the construction ofHeijō-kyō, calling into question the designation by the Imperial Household Agency.
Before he ascended to the throne, his liaison withFujiwara no Kusuko, the mother of his one consort, caused a scandal. Because of this scandal his father considered depriving him of the rank ofcrown prince.
His title Heizei was derived from the official name of the capital in Nara, Heizei Kyō.
During Heizei's reign, the bodyguards were reorganized; the existing Imperial Bodyguards became the Left Imperial Bodyguards, while the Middle Bodyguards became the Right Imperial Bodyguards.[12] Both sides were given a new Senior Commander; at this time Heizei appointedSakanoue no Tamuramaro (758–811) as Senior Commander of the Imperial Bodyguards of the Right.[12] Under Emperor Kanmu, Tamuramaro had been appointed asshōgun of a military expedition against theEmishi.[13]
The years of Heizei's reign are encompassed within oneera name (nengō).[19]
Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of theEmperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.[20]
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Heizei's reign, this apex of theDaijō-kan included:
When the daughter of achūnagon became the favored consort of the Crown Prince Ate (later known as Heizei-tennō), her father's power and position in court was affected. Kanmu disapproved of Fujiwara no Kusuko (藤原薬子,d. 810), former wife of Fujiwara no Tadanushi; and Kanmu had her removed from his son's household. After Kanmu died, Heizei restored this one-time favorite as part of his household; and this distinction had consequences.[16]
Empress (posthumously elevatedKōgō):Fujiwara no Tarashiko/Taishi (藤原帯子; d.794),Fujiwara no Momokawa’s daughter[21]
Hi: Imperial Princess Asahara (朝原内親王; 779–817),Emperor Kanmu’s daughter
Hi: Imperial Princess Ōyake (大宅内親王; d.849),Emperor Kanmu’s daughter
Hi: Imperial Princess Kan'nabi (甘南美内親王; 800–817),Emperor Kanmu’s daughter
Shōshi Court lady (Naishi-no-kami): Fujiwara no Kusuko (藤原薬子; d. 810), former wife ofChūnagon Fujiwara no Tadanushi[16] and Fujiwara no Tanetsugu's daughter
Hi: Fujiwara Tadanushi's daughter
Court lady: Ise no Tsuguko (伊勢継子; 772–812), Ise no Ōna's daughter
Court lady: Fujii no Fujiko/Tōshi (葛井藤子), Fujii no Michiyori's daughter
Court lady: Ki no Iokazu (紀魚員), Ki no Kotsuo's daughter
| Ancestors of Emperor Heizei | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Preceded by | Emperor of Japan: Heizei 806–809 | Succeeded by |
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| Yamato |
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| Nara |
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| Heian |
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| Kamakura |
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| Muromachi |
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| Azuchi–Momoyama |
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| Edo |
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| Empire of Japan |
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| Japan |
Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are inCE / AD *Imperial Consort andRegentEmpress Jingū is not traditionally listed. | ||||||||
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