Emilie Ashurst (Hawkes) Venturi (6 July 1821 – 16 March 1893) was an artist, writer, and activist who pushed for reforms in nineteenth-century Britain. She was the primary English translator of the works ofGiuseppe Mazzini, the renowned Italian intellectual, and his devoted disciple. She corresponded with Mazzini, the Italian revolutionaryGiuseppe Garibaldi, the artistJames McNeill Whistler, the poetAlgernon Charles Swinburne, the activistJosephine Butler, and the Irish politicianJohn Dillon.[1] She also painted portraits and published essays, translations, and some fiction. She and her first husband, Sidney Milnes Hawkes (1821-1905), separated in 1854. After her divorce was granted in 1861, she married the Italian patriot Carlo Venturi (c. 1831-1866) and became known as Madame Venturi.[2] Their marriage ended with Carlo’s sudden death from a stroke.[3] She also published as E.A.V and Edward Lovel. She belonged to a family, the Ashursts, who agitated for reforms across three generations and were the central figures in the "Muswell Hill Brigade".
She was the youngest of five surviving children of Elizabeth Ann Brown andWilliam Henry Ashurst.[4] Her father was a prominent solicitor who supported anti-slavery, Chartism, the repeal of the Corn Laws, the creation of the Penny Post, the end of Church Rates, and the unification of Italy. Her mother, Elizabeth Ann Brown, hailed from working-class origins in London. Her siblings wereElizabeth Ann Ashurst Bardonneau-Narcy, who was among the first to translateGeorge Sand’s novels into English;Caroline Ashurst Stansfeld, who developed a close tie with Mazzini and worked for a variety of reform movements with her husbandJames Stansfeld;Matilda Ashurst Biggs, who was part of the international network of anti-slavery activists and developed a friendship withRalph Waldo Emerson andWilliam Lloyd Garrison; and William Henry Ashurst, junior, who worked as the solicitor for the Post Office.
Venturi consideredGiuseppe Mazzini as another brother almost from the time he met the Ashursts in 1844, and she worked tirelessly for the cause of Italian unification.[5] She was a fierce advocate for his ideas about freedom and duty and took a lead role in promoting his ideas in England. Her interpretations shaped how his audience understood him and she was an important chronicler of current events. Venturi published six essays about Mazzini’s ideas in addition to three translations of his major works, includingThe Duties of Man. She also collected about 1500 of his letters to her family for publication in three volumes asMazzini’s Letters to an English Family. She died before completing the project and handed it off to her friend Elinor Francis Richards.[6] The Ashursts called Mazzini their “Angel” and supported him personally, politically, and financially.[7] Venturi travelled throughout Italy and Switzerland raising money and gathering support for Mazzini.
She was also a passionate advocate for Irish independence. She considered herself the adopted mother of John Dillion and corresponded with him in the last years of her life.[8]
She died on the 16th March 1893 and was buried in the dissenters section of the western side ofHighgate Cemetery in the Ashurst family vault.
After Italy was unified, Venturi worked to increase women’s independence in society. She served as the editor for the journal of theLadies National Association for the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts (The Shield) from 1871-1886, a cause supported in Parliament by her brother-in-law James Stansfeld. She was on the executive committee for the reform of the married women’s property laws and co-wrote (withJosephine Butler and others) a pamphlet arguing their case,The Legislative Restrictions on the Industry of Women considered from the Women’s Point of View (1872).[9]
Venturi and her sisters signed the 1866 petition for women’s suffrage presented to Parliament byJohn Stuart Mill[10] and she joined the Women’s Franchise League in 1889.[11] She served on a committee to support the Union side during theAmerican Civil War.[12] She also was a member of the Vigilance Association for the Defense of Personal Rights.[13]
In the 1870s Venturi tried her hand at writing fiction. Under a pseudonym, she published a novel (as Edward Lovel,The Owl’s Nest in the City) on a dare from her friendJane Welsh Carlyle when they argued about whether a woman could write a novel without a sentimental ending.[14] She also published a short story,A Dull Day in a Dull Port on the Mediterranean. But her passion was visual art. She showed portraits at various exhibitions in the early 1850s, including two at the British Institution and a portrait ofArethusa Milner Gibson at the Royal Academy in 1853.[15] Testifying to her cultural stature, her own portrait was shown at the Royal Academy and the South Kensington Museum.[16]
Venturi's illustrations also appeared in print. She took her skill seriously, apprenticing with established artists in London and in Italy. She gave her portrait of Mazzini to his mother as a gift. It still hangs today in Mazzini’s house, now the Museo del Risorgimento in Genoa.[17] She also painted portraits of theCowen family in Newcastle and other political figures such asAlexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollin andLouis (or Lajos) Kossuth.[18]
Later in her life she befriendedJames McNeill Whistler, her next door neighbor on Cheyne Walk (now Lindsey Row) in Chelsea. She owned several of his works (including “Chelsea in Ice” now held by the Colby Museum of Art) and discussed art with him and his mother in person and through correspondence. It was Venturi who introducedThomas Carlyle to Whistler who then painted his portrait,Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 2.[19] She was also close with the famous American actressCharlotte Cushman and her lover, the sculptorEmma Stebbins.[20]
For a complete list, seeAshurst Research
1862.
(Dec 1869), 63-73.
