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Turkey has no officialnational emblem, but thecrescent and star (Turkish:ay-yıldız,lit. 'crescent-star') design from thenational flag is in use onTurkish passports,Turkish identity cards and at thediplomatic missions of Turkey.
The crescent and star are from the 19th-centuryOttoman flag (1844–1923) which also forms the basis of the present-day Turkish flag. Following the abolition of the Sultanate on 1 November 1922, theOttoman coat of arms was no longer used and the crescent and star became Turkey'sde facto national emblem. In the national identity cards of the 1930s the horns of the crescent were facing left, instead of the now more common orientation towards right.[1]
The coat of arms of the Sultan was abolished from usage after theabolition of the Ottoman sultanate in 1922. In its stead, the star and crescent onthe flag was adopted. Three years later, in 1925,Ministry of Education opened a contest for determining another official coat of arms and artistNamık İsmail's design won.[2][3] İsmail's design featured a red shieldcharged with a white star and crescent. Underneath there was agrey wolf, connected toOghuz Turkic mythology, standing on a spear. The shield was surrounded by a garland of wheat and oak leaves, with a medallion depictingOttoman alphabet letters ت and ج for "توركیه جمهوریتی" (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), Republic of Turkey. Above the shield was placed a lit torch, symbolising the country's independence.[4] However, the new coat of arms was never registered as an official coat of arms, and was never used subsequently.[3] A 2014 government review to develop a coat of arms has yet to result in a design, as of 2015.[5][6]
A circular section of the redflag of Turkey containing the white crescent and star is used in the current emblems of a number of Turkish ministries and governmental institutions, in the emblem of theGrand National Assembly, and as the flag badge on the uniforms of Turkish national sports teams and athletes. It was also used on the old (non-digital) Turkish identity cards.[7]
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TheTurkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs often uses a redoval-shapedescutcheon which takes its colour from the Turkish flag, while its shape echoes the ovalshield at the center of the late 19th-centuryOttoman coat of arms.[8] The escutcheon contains agold-tone crescent and star which are vertically oriented (with the star on top) and surrounded by the gold-tone textT.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı.[9] A variant of this oval escutcheon (containing the gold-tone textTürkiye Cumhuriyeti Büyükelçiliği) is used by the Turkish embassies.[10][11]
Theseal of the president of Turkey has a large 16-pointed star in the center, which is surrounded by 16 five-pointed stars, symbolizing the16 Great Turkic Empires.[12] Its appearance is regulated by law.
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Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında Türkiye'nin kendi armasını yapmak için girişimler olmuş. Ancak bir türlü hayata geçirilemeyen bu proje kapsamında, 1927 yılında Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından bir yarışma açılmış. Birçok eserin katıldığı yarışmada Namık İsmail'in arması birincilik almış. Diğer tüm armalar gibi kalkan içerisinde bulunan armanın zemini kırmızıymış. Merkezinde Türk Bayrağını temsil eden ay yıldızın bulunduğu armanın alt kısmında Oğuz menkıbesini simgeleyen bir kurt resmi bulunuyormuş. Kurdun ayaklarının altında ise eski bir Türk silahı 'harbe' bulunuyormuş. Kalkanın altında bulunan İstiklal Madalyası ise harbi ve bunun neticesini muhafaza etmeyi simgeliyormuş. Başak ve meşe yapraklarıyla sarılı armanın ortasında ise Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'ni simgeleyen T.C harfleri varmış. Ancak Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün de çok istediği bu arma bir türlü resmi şekle sokulamadı.
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