| National Emblem of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Armiger | Socialist Republic of Vietnam |
| Adopted | 30 November 1955 (D.R. Vietnam) 2 July 1976 (S.R. Vietnam; current version) |
| Motto | CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM ("Socialist Republic of Vietnam") |
| Earlier version |  |
| Use | Emblem ofNorth Vietnam (1956–1976) |
TheNational Emblem of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese:Quốc huy nước Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam,lit. 'State emblem of the nation of Socialist Republic of Vietnam') or simply theemblem of Vietnam is one of the official national symbols formally representing theSocialist Republic of Vietnam since 1976. A prominent example of thesocialist-style heraldic family, the Vietnamese national emblem is designed circular and based on the symbolism of theVietnamese national flag, having ared background and a yellow star in the middle which represent the five main classes in Vietnamese society—intellectuals, farmers, workers, business people and military personnel; the revolutionary history and bright future of Vietnam. The cog and crops represent thecooperation of agriculture and industrial labor.[1]
According to theConstitution of Vietnam:
The national emblem of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is circular in shape; in the middle of a red background is a five-pointed golden star framed by rice ears below which is half a cogwheel and the inscription: Socialist Republic of Vietnam".
— The 1992Constitution of Vietnam, Article 142[2]
During the 1950s, a number of countries around the world established diplomatic relations with theDemocratic Republic of Vietnam.[3] In order to expand relations with other countries and affirm Vietnam's sovereignty through diplomatic activities, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has sent an official dispatch to the National Assembly Standing Committee on the creation of the national emblem.[3] TheWorkers' Party of North Vietnam and the North Vietnamese government advocated for the creation of a national emblem "to achieve orderliness for international dealings".[3] The coat of arms was designed by artistBùi Trang Chước and was edited by artistTrần Văn Cẩn.[4][5]
North Vietnam adopted its national emblem on 30 November 1955.[citation needed]
In June 1953 Bùi Trang Chước entered a contest to design the national emblem of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, in which he submitted 112 different detailed research drawings, sketches and pencil drawings.[6] Of his submissions 15 sketches were selected by the Central Committee of Fine Arts and Arts and sent to the Ministry of Propaganda for submission to the Prime Minister in October 1954.[6]
Since Vietnam is acommunist state, the design closely resembles theemblem of the People's Republic of China and is also based on thecoat of arms of the Soviet Union.
Later, in his memoir "I draw the model of the National Emblem" (Tôi vẽ mẫu Quốc huy) by Bùi Trang Chước published on 26 April 1985, he wrote: "My last sketch of the [North] Vietnamese National Emblem back then was for presentation. In a circular shape, the two sides are surrounded by Vietnamese rice grains with some rice flowers hanging inside holding ananvil at the bottom, symbolising agriculture. Under the anvil is a silk strip that later received the words "Democratic Republic of Vietnam" (Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa). The two ends of the silk strip wrap the two sides of the rice flower from the bottom up, each side two segments. In the upper centre in the background is a yellow star superimposed on a red background, under the star near the center of the background is an arc of the sun with rays around it, evoking an image of dawn."[7] He noted that his entire National Emblem design uses only two colours yellow and red, the traditional colours of the nation.[7]
After sending this sketch for comment to the North Vietnamese presidentHồ Chí Minh a number of corrections were requested. President Hồ Chí Minh commented that: "The image of the anvil is an individual handicraft, so the image should be replaced with something that represents modern industry."[7] After three edits, from early 1955 to September 1955, painter Bùi Trang Chước completed the model.[7]
Regarding this last sample of the North Vietnamese national emblem, artist Bùi Trang Chước wrote: "This time I also drew a circle around the two sides, there are more rice flowers extending upwards, adjacent to the border. Each of them are located at the top of the circle, the two sides still keep the rice flowers hanging down to embrace now acogwheel rather than an anvil. At the bottom, the silk ribbon in the middle has the wordsViệt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa ("Democratic Republic of Vietnam"). The silk ribbon is still wrapped on the rice stalks with 2 sections on each side, the roots of the rice flowers cross each other to form the emblem."[7] The sun below the star and its rays were also removed.[7] In terms of colour, the background inside of the North Vietnamese National Emblem and the silk medal is red, while other motifs such as the rice flowers, stars and wheels are yellow.[7]
After the 5th National Assembly session (September 1955) gave advice to correct a few minor details before the national emblem could be approved.[7] But because at the time Bùi Trang Chước had to accept the government's secret mission to thePeople's Republic of China to draw and paint designs for the new banknotes, the editing of a few details (such as the lengthening of the rice stalks from the base to the sole) was assigned to artist Trần Văn Cẩn.[7]
Following the merger of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam with theRepublic of South Vietnam on 2 July 1976, a slightly modified version was adopted by the newly establishedSocialist Republic of Vietnam.[8] The new version replaced the wording "Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa" with "Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam". In 2007 a representative of theNational Assembly of Vietnam, theartistTrần Khánh Chương, commented that the printing process of Vietnam's national emblems featured too many errors and problems,[9] resulting in many inaccurate "versions". Notable errors included: the rice corn is too big (just like the wheat corn), the gear only has six teeth instead of ten, the circles inside the gear are not accurate, and the space between the rice corn appears uneven.[10]
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On 25 December 2021 thePrime Minister of Vietnam issuedQuyết định số 2198/QĐ-TTg (Decision No. 2198/QD-TTg) on the recognition of National Treasures which declared the collections of the 1953–1955 North Vietnamese national emblem proposals by Bùi Trang Chước as anational treasure, these sketches are currently (as of December 2022) kept at the National Archives Center III, Department of State Records and Archives,Ministry of Home Affairs.[11] After this decision these sketches were put on public display as a part of the"Ký ức của bạn, lịch sử của chúng ta" ("Your memory – Our history") exhibition.[11] To aid researchers (both Vietnamese and foreign) the National Archives Center III plans on digitising the North Vietnamese national emblem proposals and make them publicly available online.[11]
The national coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty was introduced during the reign of theThành Thái Emperor after theimperial court inHuế ordered ceramics from theFrenchAlfred Hache & Co. porcelain factory inVierzon,Cher department andParis in 1903, this coat of arms featured a scroll with thecountry's name (國號,quốc hiệu),Đại Nam (大南), supported by afive-claweddragon and a horizontal sword.[12][13] These ceramics were then used to service foreign delegates visiting Huế on diplomatic missions.[12][13] As coats of arms were considered national symbols representing thesovereignty of a country in international relations, the usage of "Đại Nam coat of arms" was considered not unexpected ofnationalism while the country was under French domination.[12]
Later during theKhải Định period a different version of their coat of arms appears on blue porcelains produced by theManufacture nationale de Sèvres.[13]
Personalised versions of the coat of arms were also used during the Khải Định andBảo Đại periods. Khải Định's imperial seal contained a version of the imperial coat of arms but with the six Chinese characters "Khải Định Đại Nam Hoàng đế" (啟定大南皇帝) on the scroll instead of the country's name.[14] During the Bảo Đại period the scroll only contained two Chinese characters bearing thereign era of the emperor.[15] His personal coat of arms continued to be used by members of theHouse of Nguyễn Phúc after theabolition of the Nguyễn dynasty.[16]
The coat of arms of theState of Vietnam (which after the1954 Geneva Agreements became known as "South Vietnam") featured ablue dragon (a symbol of theNguyễn dynasty) on anescutcheon (shield) of yellow and red stripes.[17]
| Historical heraldry | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Symbol | Use | Duration | Description |
| Ancient period | |||
 | Bronze drum ofVăn Lang (Đông Sơn culture), attributed to the legendaryHồng Bàng dynasty. | 600 BCE or earlier – 258 BCE | The patterns on the Đông Sơn drums bear a realistic style and show stilted houses, dancing people, people pounding rice, beating drums, and sailing, together with animals and birds. The scenes depict daily life of ancient Việt and reflect the contemporary artistic talent and mind.[a] |
.svg) | Imperial seal ofEmperor Văn ofNam Việt. | 137 BCE – 124 BCE | The inscriptionVăn đế hành tỉ (文帝行璽) written inseal script. |
| Imperial Vietnam | |||
 | Seal of theNguyễn lords, later imperial seal of theNguyễn dynasty. | 1709–1777, 1780–1802 (Nguyễn lords) 1802–1846 (Nguyễn dynasty)[18] | The inscriptionĐại Việt quốc Nguyễn Chúa vĩnh trấn chi bảo (大越國阮𪐴永鎮之寶, "Seal of the eternal government of the Nguyễn Lords of the Kingdom ofGreat(er) Viêt") written in seal script.[18][19] |
 | Imperial seal of theTây Sơn dynasty. | The inscriptionTriều đường chi ấn (朝堂之印, "Seal of the Court") written in seal script. | |
 | Imperial seal of the Nguyễn dynasty. | 1846–1945 | The inscriptionĐại Nam thụ thiên vĩnh mệnh truyền quốc tỷ (大南受天永命傳國璽, "The Great South has the eternalMandate of Heaven, jade seal for the transmission of the legacy of the Empire") written in seal script.[18][20] |
| Colonial Vietnam | |||
.svg) | Seal ofFrench Cochinchina and laterFrench Indochina.[21] | 1879–1954 | TheGreat Seal of France with minor localisations. On the colonial seal a sheaf ofrice replaces the traditional French symbols for agriculture (a sheaf of wheat), the arts (painter's tools), and science (burning lamp). On the right side of the seal the branches of oak were replaced by an anchor,[b] and the removal of theGallic cock on the rudder. Furthermore, and of symbolic importance, the urn symbolisinguniversal suffrage on the French Great Seal was omitted from the colonial seal. Influences:  |
.svg) | Coat of arms of French Cochinchina.[22] | A blazon shield with many blue triangles, resembling a serrated ribbon typically found on Imperial Chinese and Vietnamese flags, surrounding a black interior. Influences: .svg) | |
.svg) | Great seal of theviceroy of theFrench protectorate of Tonkin.[23][24] | 1886–1897 | The inscriptionKhâm sai đại thần quan phòng (欽差大臣關防, "Quan phòng (seal) of theImperial Commissioner") written in seal script. |
_colour_scheme_-_%25C4%2590%25E1%25BA%25A1i_Nam_(%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%258D%2597).svg) | Coat of arms of theFrench protectorate of Annam.[25] | A sword per fess charged with a scroll, inscribed with two Traditional Chinese characters (大南) and supported by a single Vietnamese dragon. | |
_02.svg) | Variant coat of arms of the French protectorate of Annam.[25] | A goldenfive-clawed dragon positionedaffronté. Influences: | |
 | Emblem of theGovernment-General ofFrench Indochina. | The letters GGI standing for "Gouvernement général de l'Indochine". | |
 | TheVietnamese-style seal of the Government-General of French Indochina. | The inscriptionĐại Pháp Quốc Khâm mệnh Tổng thống Đông Dương Toàn quyền đại thần quan nho (大法國欽命總統東洋全權大臣關伩) written in seal script.[c] | |
| North Vietnam | |||
| Emblem of theDemocratic Republic of Vietnam. | 30 November 1955 – 2 July 1976 | Circular in shape; in the middle of a red background is a five-pointed gold star framed by rice ears below which is half a cog wheel and the inscription "Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa" (Democratic Republic of Vietnam). |
| Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina | |||
 | Coat of arms of theAutonomous Republic of Cochinchina.[citation needed] | 1946–1948 | Or, a pale Azure charged with two pallets Argent. |
| Provisional Central Government of Vietnam | |||
.svg) | Coat of arms of theProvisional Central Government of Vietnam.[26] | 1948–1949 | The pale and pallets of theSouth Vietnamese flag (Cờ vàng ba sọc đỏ), arranged vertically in an escutcheon. |
| State of Vietnam | |||
.svg) | Grand Seal of the State of Vietnam.[27][d] | 1949–1954 | A seal with the inscription "Quốc-gia Việt-Nam – Đức Bảo Đại – Quốc-trưởng" written inLatin script and "保大國長" (top-to-bottom, right-to-left) in seal script. |
.svg) | Coat of arms of theState of Vietnam. | 1954 – 26 October 1955 | The pale and pallets gules of the South Vietnamese flag (Cờ vàng ba sọc đỏ), arranged vertically in an escutcheon or, bordured gules, and charged with a Vietnamese dragon azure passant.[17] Influences: |
_-_Outline.svg) | Variant coat of arms of the State of Vietnam as it appeared onits passports (image). This passport design was used by South Vietnam as late as 1957.[28] | 1954 – 26 October 1955 | The pale and pallets of the South Vietnamese flag (Cờ vàng ba sọc đỏ), arranged vertically in an escutcheon and charged with a Vietnamese dragon passant. In this case, the pale, the pallets, the dragon and the escutcheon bordure are all or.[17] Influences: |
.svg) | Variant coat of arms of the State of Vietnam. | 1954 – 26 October 1955 | The pale and pallets of the South Vietnamese flag (Cờ vàng ba sọc đỏ), arranged vertically in an escutcheon and charged with aVietnamese dragon azure passant.[17] Influences: |
| South Vietnam | |||
| First Republic of Vietnam | |||
.svg) | Seal ofSouth Vietnam. | 26 October 1955 – 1957 | Bushes ofbamboo growing on a hill.[17] |
.svg) | Emblem of South Vietnam.[29] | 1957 – 1 November 1963 | Bushes of bamboo and a scroll with the inscription "VIỆT-NAM", encompassing anink brush (representing civilmandarins) and asword (representing military mandarins).[30] A coloured version of this coat of arms shows the background yellow, the bamboo green and the bordure red.[17] |
.svg) | Escutcheon of South Vietnam.[31] | 1957 – 1 November 1963 | Bushes of bamboo vert and a scroll argent with the inscription "VIỆT-NAM CỘNG-HÒA", encompassing an ink brush (representing civil mandarins) and a sword (representing military mandarins); both of which are proper.[30] A coloured version of this coat of arms shows the background or, the bamboo vert and the bordure gules.[17] Influences: and |
 | Lesser coat of arms of South Vietnam.[32][e] | 26 October 1955 – 1 November 1963 | The bend and bendlets sinister of the South Vietnamese flag (Cờ vàng ba sọc đỏ) in an escutcheon. Influences: |
_(passport)_01.svg) | Variant coat of arms of South Vietnam used onits passports (image).[f] | – 30 April 1975 | Bushes of bamboo growing on a hill in an escutcheon with the text "Việt-Nam Cộng-Hòa" inscribed in a scroll above the bamboo and the text also appearing below the bamboo. In this case, all of these, and the bordure of the escutcheon, are or. Influences: and |
| Second Republic of Vietnam | |||
.svg) | Coat of arms of South Vietnam as it appeared on the presidential seal that was used between 1967 and 1975 (image). | 1967 –30 April 1975 | The pale and pallets of the South Vietnamese flag (Cờ vàng ba sọc đỏ), arranged vertically in an escutcheon supported by twodragons azure. Influences: |
_(Gold).svg) | Variant coat of arms of South Vietnam. | 1967 – 30 April 1975 | The pale and pallets of the South Vietnamese flag (Cờ vàng ba sọc đỏ), arranged vertically in an escutcheon supported by two dragons or. Influences: |
.svg) | Escutcheon of South Vietnam.[g] | 1 November 1963 – 30 April 1975 | The pale and pallets of the South Vietnamese flag (Cờ vàng ba sọc đỏ), arranged vertically in an escutcheon. Influences: |
| Việt Cộng and theRepublic of South Vietnam | |||
 | Emblem of theLiberation Army of South Vietnam (NLF). | A disc of the colours of the flag (red and blue), the five-pointed star surrounded by ears of rice and a cogwheel in base. Influences:   | |
 | Achievement of theNational Liberation Front of South Vietnam (NLF). | An achievement of the Việt Cộng consisted of a disc of the colours of the flag (red and blue), the five-pointed star surrounded by ears of rice and a cogwheel in base. The disc was supported by six Việt Cộng flags, with three flags on each side. Influences: | |
| Socialist Republic of Vietnam | |||
| Emblem of theSocialist Republic of Vietnam. | 2 July 1976 – present | Circular in shape; in the middle of a red background is a five-pointed gold star framed by rice ears below which is half a cog wheel and the inscription "Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam" (Socialist Republic of Vietnam). Influences: |
| Other | |||
 | Seal ofTrấn Tây Thành, the Nguyễn dynasty occupation ofCambodia. | 1838 | The inscriptionTrấn Tây tướng quân chi ấn (鎭西將軍之印, "Seal of the general of Trấn Tây") written in seal script. |
 | Coat of arms of theKingdom of Sedang. | 1888–1890 | |
 | Seal of theKingdom of Sedang. | 1888–1890 | |
 | Seal of theTai Principality under Nguyễn dynasty and French rule. | 1889–1945 | |
 | Arms ofSip Song Chau Tai. | 1948–1955 | |
 | Coat of arms of theDomain of the Crown. | 1950–1955 | A dragon surrounded by clouds. |
 | Coat of arms of theNùng Autonomous Territory. | 1950s | A shield depicting a blackjunk boat sailing on water. The background is coloured green and red and depicts the golden Chinese charactersTrung Hiếu (忠孝, "loyalty", "Filial piety"). |
{{cite book}}:|work= ignored (help)Il existe une version tardive du kim khanh où les dragons et les inscriptions sont remplacés par un bosquet de bambou, un pinceau (représentant les mandarins civils) et une épée (les mandarins militaires). La présence des bambous tenterait de la dater de la première République du Vietnam sous la présidence de Ngô Dinh Diêm.
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