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Elverum

Coordinates:60°55′39″N11°42′55″E / 60.92750°N 11.71528°E /60.92750; 11.71528
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Municipality in Innlandet, Norway
This article is about the municipality in Innlandet, Norway. For other uses, seeElverum (disambiguation).

Municipality in Innlandet, Norway
Elverum Municipality
Elverum kommune
Ludgaardsvegen at Elverum square, 2022
Ludgaardsvegen at Elverum square, 2022
Innlandet within Norway
Innlandet within Norway
Elverum within Innlandet
Elverum within Innlandet
Coordinates:60°55′39″N11°42′55″E / 60.92750°N 11.71528°E /60.92750; 11.71528
CountryNorway
CountyInnlandet
DistrictØsterdalen
Established1 Jan 1838
 • Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Administrative centreElverum
Government
 • Mayor(2019)Lillian Skjærvik (Ap)
Area
 • Total
1,229.28 km2 (474.63 sq mi)
 • Land1,209.14 km2 (466.85 sq mi)
 • Water20.13 km2 (7.77 sq mi)  1.6%
 • Rank#87 in Norway
Population
 (2023)
 • Total
21,568
 • Rank#57 in Norway
 • Density17.8/km2 (46/sq mi)
 • Change(10 years)
Increase +6%
DemonymsElverumsing
Elverumsokning[1]
Official language
 • Norwegian formNeutral
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-3420[3]
WebsiteOfficial website

Elverumⓘ [ˈɛ⁠lvərɵm] is amunicipality inInnlandet county,Norway. It is located in thetraditional district ofØsterdalen. Theadministrative centre of the municipality is thetown of Elverum. Other settlements in the municipality includeHeradsbygd,Sørskogbygda, andNeverlia. Elverum lies at an important crossroads, with the town ofHamar to the west, the town ofKongsvinger to the south, and village ofInnbygda and theSwedish border to the northeast. It is bordered on the north byÅmot municipality, in the northeast byTrysil municipality, in the southeast byVåler municipality, and in the west byLøten municipality.[4]

The 1,229-square-kilometre (475 sq mi) municipality is the 87th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Elverum is the 57th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 21,568. The municipality'spopulation density is 17.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (46/sq mi) and its population has increased by 6% over the previous 10-year period.[5][6]

General information

[edit]
Elverum Church

Theparish of Elverum was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (seeformannskapsdistrikt law). The borders have not changed since that time.[7]

Name

[edit]

The municipality (originally theparish) is named after the oldElverum farm (Old Norse:Alfarheimr) since the firstElverum Church was built there. The first element is thegenitive case ofelfr which means "river" (referring to theGlomma river). The last element isheimr which means "home" or "farm".[8]

Coat of arms

[edit]

Thecoat of arms was granted on 9 December 1988. The officialblazon is"Gules, an owldisplayedOr" (Norwegian:I rødt ei gull ugle med utslåtte vinger). This means the arms have a redfield (background) and thecharge is anowl. The owl has atincture ofOr which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. This design is a symbol for wisdom and teaching, since Elverum has a number of schools in it. Most owls are forest birds, and the owl can also represent wild animals and birds, and thus symbolize the forest and wilderness areas in and around Elverum. Finally, the owl has lifted wings and claws out which symbolize a determined defense and the fighting spirit of Norwegians. In 1940, whenNorway was under attack from the German forces, the government fled to Elverum whereKing Haakon VII received the power from theStorting to govern the country in exile without the Parliament during the war (Elverum Authorization). The arms were designed by Arvid Sveen. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.[9][10][11]

Churches

[edit]

TheChurch of Norway has five parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Elverum. It is part of theSør-Østerdalprosti (deanery) in theDiocese of Hamar.

Churches in Elverum
Parish (sokn)Church nameLocation of the churchYear built
ElverumElverum ChurchElverum1736
HeradsbygdHeradsbygd ChurchHeradsbygd1895
HernesHernes ChurchHernes1935
NordskogbygdaNordskogbygda ChurchNordskogbygda1873
SørskogbygdaSørskogbygda ChurchSørskogbygda1873

Geography

[edit]
Sagtjernet, as seen from above.

Sagtjernet is a lake in the northern parts of Elverum where lots of residents visit in the summer. It is a lake formed by thelast ice age.Rokosjøen is another lake in the municipality. The riversJulussa,Glomma, andFlisa flow through the municipality.

Government

[edit]

Elverum Municipality is responsible forprimary education (through 10th grade), outpatienthealth services,senior citizen services,welfare and othersocial services,zoning,economic development, and municipalroads and utilities. The municipality is governed by amunicipal council ofdirectly elected representatives. Themayor isindirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[12] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of theØstre Innlandet District Court and theEidsivating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

[edit]

Themunicipal council(Kommunestyre) of Elverum is made up of 35 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by politicalparty.

Elverum kommunestyre 2023–2027[13]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)11
 Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet)3
 Green Party(Miljøpartiet De Grønne)1
 Conservative Party(Høyre)7
 Industry and Business Party(Industri‑ og Næringspartiet)1
 Norway Democrats(Norgesdemokratene)1
 Pensioners' Party(Pensjonistpartiet)3
 Centre Party(Senterpartiet)4
 Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti)3
 Liberal Party(Venstre)1
Total number of members:35
Elverum kommunestyre 2019–2023[14]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)13
 Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet)3
 Green Party(Miljøpartiet De Grønne)2
 Conservative Party(Høyre)4
 Pensioners' Party(Pensjonistpartiet)1
 Centre Party(Senterpartiet)8
 Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti)4
Total number of members:35
Elverum kommunestyre 2015–2019[15][16]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)14
 Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet)2
 Green Party(Miljøpartiet De Grønne)1
 Conservative Party(Høyre)10
 Centre Party(Senterpartiet)4
 Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti)2
 Liberal Party(Venstre)1
 Team Elverum - Politics for town and country(Team Elverum - Politikk for by og bygd)1
Total number of members:35
Elverum kommunestyre 2011–2015[17]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)14
 Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet)3
 Conservative Party(Høyre)13
 Centre Party(Senterpartiet)2
 Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti)1
 Liberal Party(Venstre)1
 Team Elverum - Politics for town and country(Team Elverum - Politikk for by og bygd)1
Total number of members:35
Elverum kommunestyre 2007–2011[16]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)14
 Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet)6
 Conservative Party(Høyre)6
 Centre Party(Senterpartiet)3
 Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti)2
 Liberal Party(Venstre)4
Total number of members:35
Elverum kommunestyre 2003–2007[16]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)14
 Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet)6
 Conservative Party(Høyre)4
 Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti)1
 Centre Party(Senterpartiet)3
 Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti)4
 Liberal Party(Venstre)3
Total number of members:35
Elverum kommunestyre 1999–2003[16]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)17
 Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet)6
 Conservative Party(Høyre)5
 Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti)1
 Centre Party(Senterpartiet)5
 Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti)4
 Liberal Party(Venstre)3
Total number of members:41
Elverum kommunestyre 1995–1999[18]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)19
 Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet)4
 Conservative Party(Høyre)5
 Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti)1
 Centre Party(Senterpartiet)7
 Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti)4
 Liberal Party(Venstre)1
Total number of members:41
Elverum kommunestyre 1991–1995[19]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)20
 Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet)3
 Conservative Party(Høyre)8
 Centre Party(Senterpartiet)8
 Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti)9
 Liberal Party(Venstre)1
Total number of members:49
Elverum kommunestyre 1987–1991[20]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)26
 Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet)5
 Conservative Party(Høyre)9
 Centre Party(Senterpartiet)4
 Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti)4
 Liberal Party(Venstre)1
Total number of members:49
Elverum kommunestyre 1983–1987[21]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)26
 Progress Party(Fremskrittspartiet)3
 Conservative Party(Høyre)10
 Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti)1
 Centre Party(Senterpartiet)5
 Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti)3
 Liberal Party(Venstre)1
Total number of members:49
Elverum kommunestyre 1979–1983[22]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)22
 Conservative Party(Høyre)11
 Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti)2
 Centre Party(Senterpartiet)7
 Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti)4
 Liberal Party(Venstre)2
 Cross-party local list(Tverrpolitisk Folkelist)1
Total number of members:49
Elverum kommunestyre 1975–1979[23]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)25
 Conservative Party(Høyre)7
 Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti)2
 New People's Party(Nye Folkepartiet)1
 Centre Party(Senterpartiet)9
 Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti)4
 Liberal Party(Venstre)1
Total number of members:49
Elverum kommunestyre 1971–1975[24]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)26
 Conservative Party(Høyre)5
 Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti)1
 Centre Party(Senterpartiet)10
 Liberal Party(Venstre)2
 Socialist common list(Venstresosialistiske felleslister)5
Total number of members:49
Elverum kommunestyre 1967–1971[25]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)26
 Conservative Party(Høyre)6
 Communist Party(Kommunistiske Parti)1
 Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti)1
 Centre Party(Senterpartiet)9
 Socialist People's Party(Sosialistisk Folkeparti)4
 Liberal Party(Venstre)2
Total number of members:49
Elverum kommunestyre 1963–1967[26]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)28
 Conservative Party(Høyre)7
 Communist Party(Kommunistiske Parti)2
 Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti)1
 Centre Party(Senterpartiet)8
 Socialist People's Party(Sosialistisk Folkeparti)2
 Liberal Party(Venstre)1
Total number of members:49
Elverum herredsstyre 1959–1963[27]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)24
 Conservative Party(Høyre)7
 Communist Party(Kommunistiske Parti)5
 Christian Democratic Party(Kristelig Folkeparti)1
 Centre Party(Senterpartiet)9
 Liberal Party(Venstre)1
 Elverum Social Democratic Party(Elverum Sosialdemokratiske Parti)2
Total number of members:49
Elverum herredsstyre 1955–1959[28]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)22
 Conservative Party(Høyre)7
 Communist Party(Kommunistiske Parti)10
 Farmers' Party(Bondepartiet)9
 Liberal Party(Venstre)1
Total number of members:49
Elverum herredsstyre 1951–1955[29]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)14
 Conservative Party(Høyre)6
 Communist Party(Kommunistiske Parti)7
 Farmers' Party(Bondepartiet)6
 Liberal Party(Venstre)2
 List of workers, fishermen, and small farmholders(Arbeidere, fiskere, småbrukere liste)13
Total number of members:48
Elverum herredsstyre 1947–1951[30]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)23
 Conservative Party(Høyre)6
 Communist Party(Kommunistiske Parti)12
 Farmers' Party(Bondepartiet)5
 Joint list of theLiberal Party(Venstre) and theRadical People's Party(Radikale Folkepartiet)2
Total number of members:48
Elverum herredsstyre 1945–1947[31]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)16
 Conservative Party(Høyre)4
 Communist Party(Kommunistiske Parti)9
 Farmers' Party(Bondepartiet)2
 Joint list of theLiberal Party(Venstre) and theRadical People's Party(Radikale Folkepartiet)1
Total number of members:32
Elverum herredsstyre 1937–1941*[32]  
Party name(in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party(Arbeiderpartiet)21
 Conservative Party(Høyre)5
 Nasjonal Samling Party(Nasjonal Samling)1
 Farmers' Party(Bondepartiet)4
 Liberal Party(Venstre)1
Total number of members:32
Note: Due to theGerman occupation of Norway duringWorld War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.

Mayors

[edit]

Themayors (Norwegian:ordfører) of Elverum:[33]

  • 1838–1841: Hans Øvergaard[33]
  • 1841–1845: Svend Stenersen[33]
  • 1845–1847: Gulbrand Øvergaard[33]
  • 1847–1851: John Koppang[33]
  • 1851–1855: Peter Mathias Bugge[33]
  • 1855–1857: Adolph Grüner Næser[33]
  • 1857–1859: Andreas Grøtting[33]
  • 1859–1861: Otto Gudmundsen Søberg[33]
  • 1861–1863: Adolph Grüner Næser[33]
  • 1863–1867: Andreas Grøtting[33]
  • 1867–1869: John Aakrann[33]
  • 1869–1871: Andreas Grøtting[33]
  • 1871–1873: John Aakrann[33]
  • 1873–1875: Nils Schøyen[33]
  • 1875–1879: Andreas Grøtting[33]
  • 1879–1881: Gunder Sætersmoen[33] (H)
  • 1881–1883: Henrik Opsahl[33] (V)
  • 1884–1890: Eivind Torp[33] (V)
  • 1890–1893: Anton Matheus Andreassen[33] (V)
  • 1893–1893: Helge Væringsaasen[33] (V)
  • 1893–1895: Gunnar Skirbekk[33] (V /ArbDem)[34]
  • 1895–1897: Peder Christensen Løken (H)
  • 1897–1901: Peder Østmoe (V)[34]
  • 1902–1907: Olav Andreas Eftestøl (ArbDem)[34]
  • 1908–1916: Johan Peter Røkke (ArbDem)[34]
  • 1917–1919: Oluf Hansen Haugen (Ap)[35]
  • 1920–1922: Elias Johannesen Augestad (Ap)[35]
  • 1923–1931: Martinius Røkeberg (Ap)
  • 1932–1940:Olav Jørgen Sæter (Ap)
  • 1940–1945: Simon Grindalen (NS)
  • 1945–1945:Olav Jørgen Sæter (Ap)
  • 1945–1945: Enok Sletengen (Ap)
  • 1946–1947: Martin Trovåg (NKP)
  • 1948–1951: Otto Ødegaard (Ap)
  • 1952–1962: Enok Sletengen (Ap)
  • 1962–1979: Markvard Bækken (Ap)
  • 1980–1983: Kjersti Borgen (Sp)
  • 1984–1994: Olav Sæter (Ap)
  • 1994–2003: Per-Gunnar Sveen (Ap)
  • 2003–2011: Terje Røe (Ap)
  • 2011–2019: Erik Hanstad[36] (H)
  • 2019–present: Lillian Skjærvik (Ap)[36]

History

[edit]
Number of minorities (1st and 2nd generation) in Elverum by country of origin in 2018[37]
AncestryNumber
 Somalia283
 Poland238
 Sweden112
 Russia109
 Iraq102
 Eritrea99
 Bosnia-Herzegovina98
 Syria90
 Thailand79
 Afghanistan63
 Iran56
 Denmark55
 Philippines52
 Lithuania51

Military ties

[edit]

During theNordic Seven Years' War (1563–1570), Swedish troops invaded Norway in a number of locations, including a number of incursions intoØsterdalen. In 1563, Norwegian troops stopped the Swedish advance at Elverum, which provided a strategic point since it lay on both north–south and east–west trade and travel routes.

The parishes ofIdre andSärna originally belonged to theprestegjeld of Elverum, but they were occupied by Swedish troops in 1644, and since then they were lost to Sweden.

Construction offortifications inElverum started in 1673 during theGyldenløve War asHammersberg Skanse. It was renamedChristiansfjeld Fortress in 1685 by KingChristian V of Denmark during his visit to Hammersberg Skanse on June 14. Although the fortress was manned through theGreat Northern War, the village was spared major battles. In 1742, Christiansfjeld Fortress was closed.

A Norwegian infantry regiment, theOppland Regiment, was formed in 1657 and Elverum became agarrison. The area of population east of the river called Leiret (literallythe camp) adjacent to Christiansfjeld Fortress was built up by soldiers as well as the merchants and craftsmen who settled nearby. The central areas of the town of Elverum on the east side of the river is referred to as Leiret.

In 1878, Terningmoen at Elverum became the home base for the Oppland Regiment and aninfantry school was founded here in 1896. The Oppland Regiment had a history which included courageous involvement in combat from the Swedish wars of the 17th century through theGermaninvasion of Norway in 1940. As part of the general restructuring, the unit was disbanded in 2002.

Today, Terningmoen hosts several sub units within theNorwegian army and theHome guard.

Regional town

[edit]
View of the west side of the river Glomma from Gammelbrua

In theDanish-Norwegian period, Elverum was the location for abailiff (fogd), ajudge (sorenskriver), a churchprovost (prost), and numerous military officers.

It became important as amarket town as well. In 1570Hamar Cathedral inHamar was burned andHamarhus castle was destroyed by the Swedish armies during the Seven Years' War with Sweden. Hamar lost its city status, leaving nokjøpstad, or official market city, betweenChristiania andTrondheim. Eastern Norway needed an organized market for trading goods. The Grundset market (Grundsetmart'n) in Elverum municipality grew to meet the need. It is recorded as existing in the 17th century, and in 1765 the owner of Gaarder obtained special market privileges from the king, to take place six miles north of the population center of Elverum on his estate. By 1767, it was described as Norway's largest and most famous market. In the first week of March, for almost 300 years, the folks of the district met to trade and to celebrate. People fromGudbrandsdal,Oslo,Trøndelag, and Sweden also regularly came toGrundsetmart'n. The Grundset market was finally abandoned in 1901, when pressures of the railroad and other markets made it superfluous.

The railway connecting Oslo andTrondheim passed through Elverum in 1877.

World War II

[edit]

Elverum municipality served as a temporary capital of Norway during theWorld War II German invasion. On 9 April 1940 Norwegian troops preventedGerman parachute troops from capturing Norway'sKing Haakon,Crown Prince, andParliament while the Parliament was meeting to issue the Elverum Authorization, authorizing the exiled government until the Parliament could again convene. On 11 April, shortly after the government's refusal to submit to German terms, the central part of the town of Elverum was reduced to ashes.

Museums

[edit]

Norwegian Forest Museum

[edit]
Glomdal Museum

The Norwegian Forest Museum is a national museum recognizing the importance offorestry,hunting, andfishing to the Norwegian history and economy.

Glomdal Museum

[edit]

From the eastern side of theGlomma river (the Museum of Norwegian Forestry –Skogmuseet), a pedestrian bridge across the Klokkerfoss waterfall to Prestøya, and then a bridge across the Prestfossen falls leads to the Glomdal Museum, one of the largest Norwegian outdoor museums, with numerous houses from the mountain parishes of Østerdalen and the lowland districts ofSolør on the Glomma river valley. The exhibition includes a library with numerous books, including handwritten medieval manuscripts.

Notable people

[edit]
Olav Jørgen Sæter

Public service & public thinking

[edit]
Gunnar Sønstevold

The arts

[edit]
Camilla Granlien, 2008
  • Gerhard Munthe (1849 in Elverum – 1929), a Norwegian painter and illustrator
  • Margrethe Munthe (1860 in Elverum – 1931), a children's writer, songwriter, and playwright
  • Marie Hamsun (1881 in Elverum – 1969), an actress, writer, and wife ofKnut Hamsun[38]
  • Åsmund Sveen (1910 in Elverum – 1963), a poet, novelist, and literary critic who waspurged after WWII
  • Gunnar Sønstevold (1912 in Elverum – 1991), a Norwegian composer of orchestral works; vocal music; chamber music; and music to a number of plays, ballets, and films[39]
  • Dagfinn Grønoset (1920–2008), a journalist and writer who lived in Elverum
  • Bjørn Ole Rasch (born 1959 in Elverum), a keyboard player, composer, and producer
  • Baard Slagsvold (born 1963 in Elverum), a Norwegian pop and jazz musician
  • Brita Cappelen Møystad [no] (born 1966 in Elverum), a film reviewer and journalist
  • Tord Øverland Knudsen, a bass player inThe Wombats (an English indie rock band formed in Liverpool in 2003)
  • Rawdna Carita Eira (born 1970 in Elverum), a Norwegian and Sámi playwright and author
  • Roy Khan (born 1970 in Elverum), a Norwegian singer-songwriter who was the former lead singer ofKamelot
  • Camilla Granlien (born 1974 in Elverum), a Norwegian folk singer, stev performer, and educator
  • Sigurd Hole (born 1981 in Elverum), a Norwegian jazz musician who plays upright bass
  • Marcus & Martinus (born 2002 in Elverum), a Norwegian pop-duo made up of twins brothersMarcus and Martinus Gunnarsen

Sport

[edit]
Bjørn Dæhlie, 2011

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]
See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway

Elverum hassister city agreements with the following places:[40]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ^"Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ^Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (9 January 2024)."Kommunenummer".Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Foreningen Store norske leksikon.
  4. ^Olsen Haugen, Morten, ed. (3 March 2022)."Elverum".Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian).Kunnskapsforlaget.Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved6 March 2022.
  5. ^Statistisk sentralbyrå."Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved7 March 2022.
  6. ^Statistisk sentralbyrå."09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved7 March 2022.
  7. ^Jukvam, Dag (1999).Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen(PDF) (in Norwegian).Statistisk sentralbyrå.ISBN 9788253746845.Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved7 March 2022.
  8. ^Rygh, Oluf (1900).Norske gaardnavne: Hedmarkens amt (in Norwegian) (3 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. p. 306.
  9. ^"Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World.Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved27 April 2023.
  10. ^"Elverum, Hedmark (Norway)".Flags of the World.Archived from the original on 20 May 2023. Retrieved27 April 2023.
  11. ^"Godkjenning av våpen og flagg".Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 9 December 1988.Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved27 April 2023.
  12. ^Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (20 September 2022)."kommunestyre".Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian).Kunnskapsforlaget.Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved14 October 2022.
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