| Elornis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Phoenicopteriformes |
| Family: | Phoenicopteridae |
| Genus: | †Elornis Milne-Edwards, 1868 |
| Type species | |
| †Elornis littoralis Milne-Edwards, 1868 | |
| Species[1] | |
Elornis is an extinct genus offlamingo from theLate Oligocene of Ronzon,France. Although the name was coined in the 1850s, the name remained a nomen nudum until later publications by French zoologistHenri Milne-Edwards.Elornis has been historically considered to be a member of thePhoenicopteridae, but more recent research suggests it may have been more basal. Research on this taxon is however difficult as the current whereabouts of the fossil material are unknown, limiting data to the description and illustrations of Milne-Edwards.
The nameElornis was first coined byAuguste Aymard in a report on the paleontology of the FrenchHaute Loire region, which was presented on two occasions to the Congres Seientifique de France in 1855. In his report, Aymard introduces several names for fossil birds, includingElornis grandis,Elornis (?) littoralis andElornis (?) antiquus. However, very little information is given in the report, only stating that these birds are flamingos and neither giving a full description nor illustrating the material. This effectively renders the names as coined by Aymard absolutenomina nuda. However, in spite of the names being coined under these circumstances, they found widespread use in subsequent years. Most notable among them wasHenri Milne-Edwards, who discussedElornis while also providing illustrations of the fossil material. Subsequent authors then proceeded to base their own works in regards toElornis on Milne-Edwards' work, oftentimes without ever reading the paper in which the name was first coined, partially due to the rare nature of the publication. Thenomenclature ofElornis was eventually covered in greater detail byStorrs Olson, who wrote that due to Aymard's names being nomina nuda, the status of his taxa was entirely dependent on Milne-Edwards description. Thus, instead of Aymard being credited as the authority behindElornis, it would have to be Milne-Edwards. Two more problems arose during Olson's research onElornis however. For one, Milne-Edwards' work was not published in a single publication, but rather over the course of several livraisons leaving a two year gap between the publishing of theElornis illustrations and the eventual description via text. Furthermore, Aymard's original material was presumed lost, with the descriptions and illustrations given by Milne-Edwards being the only available data.[2]
Elornis littoralis, as described by Milne-Edwards, was based on various postcranial remains including thepelvis,tarsometatarsi,tibiotarsi andfurculae.Elornis antiquus was intended to be based on ahumerus by Aymard, however this idea was immediately discarded by Milne-Edwards who considered it to be synonymous withE. littoralis. This would make the humerus part of thesyntype material and not, as incorrectly suggested by Lydekker and Brodkorb, alectotype. The material ofElornis grandis received less attention, the humerus Aymard intended as the holotype only mentioned to be "as big as that of a flamingo" by Milne-Edwards and not illustrated at all. Due to the broken up nature of the publication, the illustrations ofElornis littoralis were published before the text description of bothE. littoralis andE. grandis. The caption makes note of the name and in the absence of images ofE. grandis on the same plate,Elornis littoralis would have to be the type species bymonotypy, published several years prior toElornis grandis. One more species was named by Lydekker in 1891, designatedElornis (?) anglicus. Later research however placed this species in the genusActiornis and recovered it as anibis.[2][3]
The humerus ofElornis littoralis was described as being approximately a quarter smaller than the humerus of a flamingo, whileElornis grandis was described as being of similar size. It is however not specified which species of flamingo is meant.[2]
Elornis was first recognized as a flamingo by Auguste Aymard when the name was first coined. Milne-Edwards later agreed with the assignment and Olson, although incapable of studying the fossil material itself, concurred with the identification on the basis of the illustrations. Subsequent papers repeat this identification, placingElornis in thePhoenicopteridae.[2][4] This is questioned by Mayr, who argues thatElornis would be better placed outside ofPhoenicopteridae given the less derived morphology of other Oligocene flamingo relatives.[5]
