Elizabeth City, North Carolina | |
|---|---|
 Elizabeth City facing thePasquotank River | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Nickname(s): Harbor of Hospitality,[1] Best City in the 252, Betsy City, E.C., Queen of the Albemarle, River City | |
 Location inPasquotank County in the state ofNorth Carolina | |
| Coordinates:36°17′39″N76°14′16″W / 36.29417°N 76.23778°W /36.29417; -76.23778 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Carolina |
| Counties | Pasquotank |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Edward Kirk Rivers |
| Area | |
• City | 11.71 sq mi (30.32 km2) |
| • Land | 11.71 sq mi (30.32 km2) |
| • Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 10 ft (3 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• City | 18,631 |
| • Density | 1,591.58/sq mi (614.50/km2) |
| • Metro | 63,270 |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| ZIP codes | 27906, 27907, 27909 |
| Area code | 252 |
| FIPS code | 37-20580[4] |
| GNIS feature ID | 2403551[3] |
| Website | www |
Elizabeth City is acity inPasquotank county, United States. As of the2020 census, it had a population of 18,629.[5] Elizabeth City is thecounty seat and most populous city of Pasquotank County.[6] It is the cultural, economic and educational hub of the sixteen-county Historic Albemarle region of northeastern North Carolina.[7]
Elizabeth City is the center of theElizabeth City Micropolitan Statistical Area, with a population of 64,094 as of2010. It is part of the largerVirginia Beach-Norfolk, VA-NC Combined Statistical Area.[8] The city is the economic center of the region, as well as home to many historic sites and cultural traditions.
Marketed as the "Harbor of Hospitality", Elizabeth City has had a long history of shipping due to its location at a narrowed bend of thePasquotank River.[9] Founded in 1794, Elizabeth City prospered early on from theDismal Swamp Canal as a mercantile city. Later it developed industry and other commercial focus. While Elizabeth City still retains extensive waterfront property, it is linked to neighboring counties and cities by contemporary highways and bridges to support other transportation. It hosts one of the largestUnited States Coast Guard bases in the nation.
Located at the narrows of the Pasquotank River, colonists used the area that developed as Elizabeth City as a trading site. As early as the mid 18th century, they established inspection stations and ferries. With the addition of minor roads, a schoolhouse, and soon a church, a small community developed at these narrows.[10]
In 1793, businessmen supported construction of the Dismal Swamp Canal; it was integral to the success of Elizabeth City's commerce. TheNorth Carolina Assembly incorporated the town as "Redding", renaming it in 1794 as "Elizabethtown". Due to resulting confusion withanother town of the same name, in 1801, the city was renamed as "Elizabeth City".[11] The name "Elizabeth" has been attributed to Elizabeth "Betsy" Tooley, a local tavern proprietress who donated much of the land for the new town.[12]
With improvements to the Dismal Swamp Canal, commerce flourished and Elizabeth City became a financial center of trade and commercially successful in the early 19th century. In 1826, the federal government purchased 600 stocks in the canal and, in 1829, additional funds for improvements were raised by theNorfolk lottery. With these funds, the Dismal Swamp Canal was widened and deepened, allowing for larger boats to ship their goods to and from the city.
Further bolstering Elizabeth City's financial success, the UScustoms house was relocated in 1827 from Camden County to Elizabeth City. From 1829 to 1832, Elizabeth City's tolls tripled for commercial shipping.
During theAmerican Civil War, theConfederate States had a small fleet stationed at Elizabeth City. After theBattle of Roanoke Island,Union forces sent a fleet to take the city. A small skirmish resulted in a Union victory. Elizabeth City was under Union control for the remainder of the war, as was most of coastal North Carolina. Confederate irregulars engaged inguerrilla warfare with Union forces in the area for the remainder of the war.
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Meanwhile, overland travel slowly improved, enabling greater trade between neighboring counties. The ferry continued to provide transport between Elizabeth City and Camden County. But the completion of competing canals and railroads around Elizabeth City meant that neighboring cities began to draw off some of the traffic. ThePortsmouth and Roanoke Railroad, completed in the 1830s, allowed for goods to be transported from theRoanoke River directly toWeldon. The Albemarle–Chesapeake Canal, completed in 1859, created a deeper channel for merchants shipping goods from the easternAlbemarle Sound to Norfolk.
Such new opportunities established Elizabeth City as a thriving deep-water port and powerful regional economic center. It was based on such industries aslumbering,shipbuilding, grain export, and fish and oyster processing; it rivaled other ports such asNorfolk, Virginia, andBaltimore, Maryland. But the establishment in 1881 of the Elizabeth City and Norfolk Railroad, later renamed theNorfolk Southern Railway, encouraged a shift of industries from waterfront in Elizabeth City to the growing cities of North Carolina's Upper Coastal Plain andPiedmont.[13]
The declaration ofWorld War II reinvigorated Elizabeth City's industries, particularly in shipbuilding, textiles, and aeronautics.Coast Guard Air Station Elizabeth City was established in 1940 andNavy Air Station Weeksville in 1941 to provide valuable surveillance byseaplane anddirigible of GermanU-boats that were targeting American merchant shipping inEast Coast waters.
Additionally from 1942 to 1944, the Elizabeth City Shipyard supported the war effort with much of its production: thirty 111-foot SC-classsubmarine chasers,[14][15][16] four YT-class yardtugboats, and six 104-foot QS-class quick supply boats.[14][17] The Elizabeth City Shipyard built the most subchasers for the war effort (30 out of 438 total nationally), and set the record construction time for the SC-class, with SC-740 laid down in only thirty days.[15] As of January 2020, the Elizabeth City Shipyard is no longer in operation.
For two years, 1950 and 1951, Elizabeth City was home to a professional minor league baseball team. TheElizabeth City Albemarles played in theClass D levelVirginia League. Previously, the town had fielded a team for several seasons in the semipro Albemarle League.[18]
The conclusion of the war led to a levelled economy. Industry restructuring here and in other areas changed the economy. Since the late 20th century, the service, government, and agriculture sectors have become dominant in the current economy. Starting in the late 1990s, revival efforts in tourism and civic revitalization centered on downtown and the city's five historic districts have led to increasing economic stability.
TheElizabeth City Historic District,Elizabeth City State Teachers College Historic District,Elizabeth City Water Plant,Episcopal Cemetery,Norfolk Southern Passenger Station,Northside Historic District,Old Brick House,Riverside Historic District, andShepard Street-South Road Street Historic District are listed on theNational Register of Historic Places.[19] They are protected to encourage heritage tourism that stresses the city's unique qualities.
Elizabeth City is located alongside thePasquotank River, which connects toAlbemarle Sound. Directly across the river liesCamden County.
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, Elizabeth City has a total area of 12.2 square miles (31.7 km2), of which 11.6 square miles (30.1 km2) is land and 0.62 square miles (1.6 km2), or 5.09%, is water.[20] Located in the "Inner Banks" region of North Carolina, Elizabeth City is largely flat and marshy with an elevation of only 12 feet (3.7 m) above sea level.[21] The city's semi-coastal geography has played an important role in its history—Elizabeth City once hosted thriving oyster and timber industries.
Elizabeth City has ahumid subtropical climate, experiencing only modest seasonal variation in temperature and precipitation. Because it is relatively close to the Albemarle Sound and the Atlantic Ocean, the temperature variations in the area are somewhat softened. On average, Elizabeth City has its highest temperature and accumulation of precipitation in July. Elizabeth City commonly experiences thunderstorms during the summer months and has endured many tropical storms and hurricanes due to its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. This city experiences very little snowfall, however, receiving on average a total of 3.5 inches (89 mm) of snow annually.[22]
| Climate data for Elizabeth City, North Carolina (1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1911–2022) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 80 (27) | 82 (28) | 92 (33) | 95 (35) | 101 (38) | 104 (40) | 107 (42) | 104 (40) | 99 (37) | 95 (35) | 90 (32) | 82 (28) | 107 (42) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 71.9 (22.2) | 73.3 (22.9) | 80.0 (26.7) | 85.2 (29.6) | 90.9 (32.7) | 95.0 (35.0) | 96.1 (35.6) | 94.5 (34.7) | 90.8 (32.7) | 85.8 (29.9) | 78.7 (25.9) | 72.9 (22.7) | 97.3 (36.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 53.2 (11.8) | 56.2 (13.4) | 63.2 (17.3) | 72.2 (22.3) | 78.9 (26.1) | 85.8 (29.9) | 88.9 (31.6) | 87.3 (30.7) | 82.2 (27.9) | 74.1 (23.4) | 64.0 (17.8) | 56.4 (13.6) | 71.9 (22.2) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 43.4 (6.3) | 45.4 (7.4) | 52.1 (11.2) | 61.3 (16.3) | 68.9 (20.5) | 77.1 (25.1) | 80.7 (27.1) | 79.1 (26.2) | 74.1 (23.4) | 64.4 (18.0) | 53.8 (12.1) | 47.0 (8.3) | 62.3 (16.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 33.6 (0.9) | 34.7 (1.5) | 41.1 (5.1) | 50.4 (10.2) | 58.9 (14.9) | 68.4 (20.2) | 72.5 (22.5) | 70.9 (21.6) | 66.0 (18.9) | 54.7 (12.6) | 43.7 (6.5) | 37.6 (3.1) | 52.7 (11.5) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 15.5 (−9.2) | 19.3 (−7.1) | 24.7 (−4.1) | 32.7 (0.4) | 42.6 (5.9) | 52.9 (11.6) | 61.8 (16.6) | 60.0 (15.6) | 51.8 (11.0) | 38.0 (3.3) | 27.2 (−2.7) | 21.8 (−5.7) | 13.1 (−10.5) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −2 (−19) | 5 (−15) | 11 (−12) | 17 (−8) | 22 (−6) | 39 (4) | 49 (9) | 47 (8) | 39 (4) | 24 (−4) | 17 (−8) | −3 (−19) | −3 (−19) |
| Averageprecipitation inches (mm) | 3.64 (92) | 3.29 (84) | 4.17 (106) | 3.47 (88) | 4.07 (103) | 4.49 (114) | 5.93 (151) | 5.91 (150) | 5.32 (135) | 3.70 (94) | 3.39 (86) | 3.88 (99) | 51.26 (1,302) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.1 (0.25) | 0.1 (0.25) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.2 (0.51) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 11.5 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 9.5 | 10.5 | 9.2 | 11.1 | 10.2 | 9.6 | 7.8 | 8.7 | 11.4 | 120.8 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| Source: NOAA[23][24] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Elizabeth City (Coast Guard Air Station Elizabeth City), North Carolina (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 80 (27) | 85 (29) | 93 (34) | 92 (33) | 96 (36) | 101 (38) | 104 (40) | 103 (39) | 103 (39) | 96 (36) | 85 (29) | 81 (27) | 104 (40) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 72.9 (22.7) | 74.4 (23.6) | 81.0 (27.2) | 85.8 (29.9) | 90.1 (32.3) | 94.9 (34.9) | 95.6 (35.3) | 94.4 (34.7) | 90.7 (32.6) | 86.5 (30.3) | 79.0 (26.1) | 73.9 (23.3) | 96.8 (36.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 52.3 (11.3) | 55.0 (12.8) | 61.3 (16.3) | 70.8 (21.6) | 78.0 (25.6) | 85.4 (29.7) | 88.2 (31.2) | 86.8 (30.4) | 81.8 (27.7) | 73.4 (23.0) | 63.1 (17.3) | 55.6 (13.1) | 71.0 (21.7) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 42.7 (5.9) | 45.0 (7.2) | 50.9 (10.5) | 60.1 (15.6) | 68.2 (20.1) | 76.2 (24.6) | 79.6 (26.4) | 78.4 (25.8) | 73.4 (23.0) | 63.1 (17.3) | 52.7 (11.5) | 46.0 (7.8) | 61.4 (16.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 33.1 (0.6) | 35.0 (1.7) | 40.5 (4.7) | 49.4 (9.7) | 58.4 (14.7) | 67.1 (19.5) | 71.0 (21.7) | 70.0 (21.1) | 64.9 (18.3) | 52.8 (11.6) | 42.4 (5.8) | 36.5 (2.5) | 51.8 (11.0) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 16.1 (−8.8) | 21.0 (−6.1) | 25.7 (−3.5) | 33.8 (1.0) | 44.7 (7.1) | 54.5 (12.5) | 61.5 (16.4) | 60.0 (15.6) | 52.1 (11.2) | 36.9 (2.7) | 27.2 (−2.7) | 22.3 (−5.4) | 14.5 (−9.7) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 2 (−17) | 8 (−13) | 18 (−8) | 27 (−3) | 35 (2) | 45 (7) | 51 (11) | 49 (9) | 41 (5) | 26 (−3) | 19 (−7) | 9 (−13) | 2 (−17) |
| Averageprecipitation inches (mm) | 3.30 (84) | 2.87 (73) | 3.59 (91) | 3.16 (80) | 3.68 (93) | 4.71 (120) | 5.65 (144) | 5.32 (135) | 4.52 (115) | 3.63 (92) | 2.97 (75) | 3.11 (79) | 46.51 (1,181) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 9.0 | 9.9 | 10.5 | 9.3 | 11.0 | 10.3 | 12.1 | 11.8 | 9.8 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 9.9 | 120.1 |
| Source: NOAA[23][25] | |||||||||||||
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1870 | 930 | — | |
| 1880 | 2,315 | 148.9% | |
| 1890 | 3,251 | 40.4% | |
| 1900 | 6,348 | 95.3% | |
| 1910 | 8,412 | 32.5% | |
| 1920 | 8,925 | 6.1% | |
| 1930 | 10,037 | 12.5% | |
| 1940 | 11,564 | 15.2% | |
| 1950 | 12,685 | 9.7% | |
| 1960 | 14,062 | 10.9% | |
| 1970 | 14,381 | 2.3% | |
| 1980 | 14,004 | −2.6% | |
| 1990 | 14,292 | 2.1% | |
| 2000 | 17,188 | 20.3% | |
| 2010 | 18,683 | 8.7% | |
| 2020 | 18,629 | −0.3% | |
| 2021 (est.) | 18,703 | [5] | 0.4% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[26][27] | |||
| Race | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| White (non-Hispanic) | 6,852 | 36.78% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 9,332 | 50.09% |
| Native American | 71 | 0.38% |
| Asian | 220 | 1.18% |
| Pacific Islander | 11 | 0.06% |
| Other/Mixed | 845 | 4.54% |
| Hispanic orLatino | 1,300 | 6.98% |
As of the2020 United States census, there were 18,631 people, 6,526 households, and 3,839 families residing in the city.
According to the 2010 U.S. Census,[4] there were 18,683 people, 7,487 households, and 4,689 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,607.0 inhabitants per square mile (620.5/km2). There were 8,167 housing units at an average density of 702.24 per square mile (271.14/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 54.00%African American, 39.50%White, 0.40%Native American, 1.20%Asian, 0.10%Pacific Islander, 0.62% fromother races, and 2.30% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 5.00% of the population.
There were 6,577 households, out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.0% weremarried couples living together, 22.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.6% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 27.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.7% under the age of 19, 12.1% from 20 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 68.4 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $34,582, and the median income for a family was $41,071. Males had a median income of $31,307 versus $25,683 for females. Theper capita income for the city was $17,592. About 21.6% of families and 28.1% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 42.5% of those under age 18 and 12.1% of those age 65 or over.[29]
Elizabeth City serves as thecounty seat of Pasquotank County. The city has acouncil–manager style of government. The city council is composed of eight council members and the city manager, elected by the council members. The city manager serves a largely executive function, overseeing the city's administrative departments, appointing department heads and city employees, and informing the rest of the council of relevant municipal conditions. As of January 2025, the city manager position is vacant, with the city actively seeking a new city manager.[30] The eight council members, on the other hand, act in a legislative regard, adopting city policies, holding the city manager responsible, and choosing amayor pro-tempore from its council members. This council is elected every two years by each of the four wards composing the city electing two members.[9]
The mayor, elected by the whole voter body every two years, also serves an executive function, serving as the head of a council meeting and casting a tie-breaking vote for the council. As of February 2025, the mayor is Kirk Rivers. Previous mayors include Betty Parker, Joseph Peel, Charles L. Foster, who served from 2005 to 2007, and John Bell, who served from 1971 to 1981 and again from 2001 to 2005.[31]
The council holds its meetings every second and fourth Monday of the month; the meetings are rebroadcast on a public service channel.[9]
Elizabeth City has an office for theUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina, headed byTerrence W. Boyle as the resident judge. This court presides over cases in the northern region of this district.[32]
Elizabeth City also occupiesNorth Carolina's 3rd congressional district, served by U.S. RepresentativeGreg Murphy.[33]
Established in 1940 and located southeast of Elizabeth City's corporate limits,Coast Guard Air Station Elizabeth City is one of the largestUnited States Coast Guard Air Stations in the nation at over 800 acres,[34] and is home to six commands - Air Station Elizabeth City, Aviation Logistics Center, Aviation Technical Training Center, Base Elizabeth City,[35] C-27J Asset Project Office (APO), and Small Boat Station Elizabeth City - as well as the off-base National Strike Force Coordination Center located in northern Elizabeth City. As a component of theUnited States Department of Homeland Security, the base, along with a host of defense contractors anchored byDRS Technologies, provide a host of local jobs and maintains an influx of Coast Guard and industry employees from all around the country.
The USCG Air Station and the Aviation Technical Training Center (ATTC) in Elizabeth City were featured in numerous scenes of the 2006 Disney movieThe Guardian, standing in forKodiak, Alaska.
Elizabeth City is also home to one of the United States' fewairship factories.[36] Many of the nation's commercial blimps are made and serviced here. The current airship facilities evolved from what had previously beenNaval Air Station Weeksville, operational from 1941 to 1957. NAS Weeksville's LTA craft played a vital role in GermanU-boat spotting during World War II, helping to minimize losses to East Coastshipping.[37] NAS Weeksville was home to two hangars, one still existing as corrugated steel, and a slightly larger one constructed out ofSouthern Yellow Pine, to conserve metal for the WWII war effort. This latter hangar was the largest wooden structure in the world until its demise by fire in 1995.
A joint public-privateairpark adjacent to the Coast Guard base is in the planning stages. Intended to make Elizabeth City a premier hub of theaviation industry, the airpark hopes to attract major tenants as well as the Aviation Science programs ofElizabeth City State University and related programs by theCollege of the Albemarle.
Elizabeth City is home to theMuseum of the Albemarle, the northeastern regional branch of theNorth Carolina Museum of History. The museum occupies a prominent location adjacent to the city's waterfront and contains many permanent and revolving exhibits on the history and culture of the historic Albemarle region. The history of European colonization dates back to 1668, making the Albemarle the country's oldest colonial inhabited area, second only to Jamestown and adjacent settlements in neighboring Virginia.
Downtown Elizabeth City is also home to Arts of the Albemarle, a regional arts council located in the Lowery-Chesson Building. Once home to the Chesson Department Store on the ground floor and a turn-of-the-century opera house on the second and third floors, the once-dilapidated building undertook a $3.4 million renovation, and "The Center" became AOA's permanent home in 2005. The three-story building houses three art galleries, the state-of-the-art McGuire Theater for the performing arts, and multiple conference and meeting rooms. The Center has been an economic driver for downtown Elizabeth City since its opening.
Among these are the most striking architectural feature of the greater Albemarle region, the Virginia Dare Hotel, and Arcade, which has dominated the skyline of Elizabeth City since its completion in 1927. Designed byWilliam Lee Stoddart ofNew York City, one of the nation's leading hotel architects, the nine-story building was billed as the Albemarle's first “skyscraper” when it opened in 1927. It remains the tallest building in the region.
The hotel contained 100 rooms and a heated garage (now the rear parking lot) with an interior filling station and lubricating stand. It remained the premier hotel and center of Elizabeth City's social activities for over 40 years. Architecturally, its restrained Colonial Revival finish follows the typical division of such tall buildings into the three parts of a classical pillar: a sturdy two-story base; a simply detailed six-story shaft; and a one-story capital, which displays an abundance of decoration. Today it serves as an elderly apartment complex.[38]
Elizabeth City has been the birthplace of a few government officials in its history. JudgeJohn Warren Davis, a justice of the Federal Court of Appeals, was born in Elizabeth City, as wasJohn C. B. Ehringhaus, governor of North Carolina from 1933 to 1937 and for whom Ehringhaus Street, a major thoroughfare, is named.[13]
During the same era, nine-ball legendLuther Lassiter was born in Elizabeth City, and developed much of his skill atpool in the City Billiards pool hall.[39]
Elizabeth City was the 1929 birthplace of the AmericanMoth Boat, a class of recreational sailboats invented by Dr. Joel Van Sant. The city hosts a Moth Boat Regatta annually in late February.[40][41] The Moth Boat features prominently on the city's seal.
Elizabeth City hosts theNorth Carolina Potato Festival, an annual celebration of thepotato, one of the region's most important crops. The festival has steadily become one of the most popular draws in northeastern North Carolina, and is usually held in mid-May in downtown Elizabeth City.[42]
This annual Christmastime fair is sponsored by the Albemarle Craftsman's Guild and features artisans, many of whom wear period costumes, selling and demonstrating traditional crafts. Crafts include quilting and fiber arts, pottery, jewelry and woodwork.[43][44]
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This annual celebration is sponsored by River City Community Development Corporation and celebrates the freeing of African Slaves in America. It has evolved into a multi-racial, multi-cultural celebration of American Freedom. The festival features vendors and informational booths, speakers, entertainment, and good food.[45]
TheDaily Advance has served as Elizabeth City's sole daily newspaper since its founding by Herbert Peele in 1911.[46] In mid-2009, the Daily Advance was bought by Cooke Communications.[47]
TheIndependent was a weekly newspaper serving Elizabeth City and the surrounding Albemarle area from 1908 to 1939. TheIndependent was published by William Oscar "W.O." Saunders (1884-1940).[48]
Elizabeth City is part of theHampton Roads television market. The majority of the stations received in the area come from southeasternVirginia, includingWTKR (CBS),WAVY (NBC),WVEC (ABC),WVBT (FOX), andWHRO (PBS).
The only exceptions areWUND (PBS), a repeater transmitter ofUNC-TV licensed to broadcast fromEdenton, North Carolina, andWSKY (independent) transmitting fromCamden. The only station based in Elizabeth City isW18BB-D, broadcasting from a tower on theElizabeth City State University campus.
All public education is overseen by the Elizabeth City-Pasquotank County School Board of Education under theElizabeth City-Pasquotank Public School system (ECPPS) which operates seven elementary schools, two middle schools, two high schools, one Early College program, one alternative high school and one public charterSTEM school[49]
Elizabeth City is home to one private and two public institutions of higher education.
Elizabeth City State University, the smallest constituent member of the 16-campusUniversity of North Carolina System, is ahistorically African-American institution, enrolling 2,930 students as of fall 2011[50] on a compact 200-acre (0.81 km2) campus along the city's southern edge. Founded as anormal school in 1891, it now serves the higher educational needs of northeastern North Carolina's sixteen counties, offering 28undergraduate and fourmaster's degrees.[51]
ECSU offers Aviation Science programs at their training facility atElizabeth City Regional Airport,[52] as well as once offering aDoctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) program in collaboration with theUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), flagship school of theUNC system.[53] Declining enrollment at the Elizabeth City State University branch of UNC's Eshelman School of Pharmacy forced UNC System President Thomas Ross to suspend the program in February 2013.
Also located here is the main campus of theCollege of the Albemarle (COA), positioned on the city's northern edge adjacent toAlbemarle Hospital. It is known as the first community college to be established under the (North Carolina) Community College Act of 1960. COA hassatellite campuses inBarco,Edenton andManteo.[54]
Mid-Atlantic Christian University, a private Christian institution founded in 1948, is located along thePasquotank River north of downtown Elizabeth City.
All three schools have agreements allowing students todual-enroll in one of the other two institutions.
The primary healthcare provider in Elizabeth City isSentara Albemarle Medical Center, a 182-bed regional medical center and part of the Sentara Healthcare system. Owned and formally operated byPasquotank County, Albemarle Hospital has been in operation since 1914,[55] relocating to its current location in 1960. In 2008, the Albemarle Health system came under the day-to-day management ofGreenville-basedVidant Health, although ownership and most executive decisions remained with the county.
Starting in October 2012, the county began soliciting offers for affiliation with neighboring healthcare systems in order to cement Albemarle Hospital's position as the region's major medical facility. Limitations in some services and specialty providers had caused many prospective patients to seek services in theHampton Roads orGreenville metro areas, leading to steady erosion of operating margins. Affiliation with a larger health organization would also provide increased buying power, improvements in equipment and facility investment as well as entice additional physicians to the area.[56]
By January 2013 the board had received strong offers from then-current managerVidant Health as well asNorfolk-basedSentara Healthcare andBrentwood, Tennessee-based Duke-LifePoint Health, itself a partnership betweenDurham-basedDuke University Health System and Brentwood-basedLifePoint Hospitals.[57]
A 100-year management agreement for operation of the Albemarle Health system was reached withSentara Healthcare, becoming effective on March 1, 2014, with Sentara committing to streamline patient care as well as make substantial investments in the physical building itself. Currently a brand new Sentara Albemarle Medical Center is being built on Halstead Boulevard Extended with an expected opening in the fall of 2025. Plans for the current hospital and surrounding property is unknown at this time.
As part of its municipal mandate, Elizabeth City operates full-servicepolice (ECPD),fire (ECFD) andpublic housing departments as well as water, sewer, sanitation and electric divisions which operate several deep wells, a water purification plant, three water towers, and a combined sewage/wastewater treatment plant.[58] The city cooperates with Pasquotank County in joint operation of the Elizabeth City-Pasquotank Parks and Recreational Department (ECPPRD), Department of Social Services (ECPDSS), and the Witherspoon Memorial Library, the largest facility and head office of the four-county East Albemarle Regional Library System.[59]
As with other Albemarle-area municipalities, Elizabeth City purchases wholesale electricity fromDominion North Carolina Power, operating 230kV transmission lines through the Albemarle area.[60] Electricity is generated from natural gas-fired and nuclear power plants in nearbyChesapeake andSurry, Virginia, respectively.[61]
Electricity is also locally generated for export by solar and wind facilities in Pasquotank County by Dominion Energy's Morgan's Corner 110 acre, 20MW solar farm, and Avangrid Renewables' Amazon Wind Farm East 22,000 acre (200 acre footprint), 208MW wind farm. Other renewable energy production facilities, chiefly solar, also exist in neighboring counties.[62][61]
Local telephone service is currently provided byCenturyLink, operating out of the former headquarters and switchboard exchange building of early Elizabeth City-based provider Norfolk and Carolina Telephone and Telegraph.[63] N&CT&T was later succeeded byCarolina Telephone & Telegraph,United Telecom,Sprint andEmbarq.
As of June 2016, cable television and Internet is provided bySpectrum (brand), a result of the merger of Charter Communications, Time Warner Cable, and Bright House Networks. Previously, cable television and internet was provided by Time Warner, which was preceded byAdelphia Communications.
Pipeline natural gas is provided byPiedmont Natural Gas. Tank and bottled LP gas are also available through several local suppliers.
Elizabeth City is linked to neighboring counties and cities through a network of highways.
Most unusual are the four branches ofU.S. Route 17 that pass through the city - rarely are there more than two or three variants of the same route in any given community.
Mainline
US 17 crosses theLittle River, entering Pasquotank County from the southwest. Bypass US 17 immediately splits off to the northwest as mainline US 17 continues to the northeast toward Elizabeth City. Shortly after entering the city limits, US 17 Business splits off to the east towards the downtown waterfront. Mainline US 17 continues through Elizabeth City as Hughes Boulevard (the former US 17 Bypass from 1969 to 2002).
The route encounters major intersections with the commercial corridor ofNC 344 (Halstead Boulevard), Church Street, Main Street and midway by Elizabeth Street, where it is joined byUS 158 and Truck Business US 17. This tri-route combination continues northeastward to Business 17 and Truck Business 17's northern termini at the intersection with North Road Street. From here, mainline US 17 and 158 make a curve to the northwest, departing Elizabeth City as a continuance of North Road Street.
Bypass US 17 rejoins the highway several miles outside of town, while US 158 splits off to the west at Morgan's Corner just before crossing the Pasquotank River into Camden County. Running parallel to theDismal Swamp Canal and the eastern boundary of theGreat Dismal Swamp, US 17 continues to the Virginia border.
US 17 Bus. (1969–present) branches off Hughes Boulevard and travels east as Ehringhaus Street, named for GovernorJohn C. B. Ehringhaus (1933-1937), the only governor native to Elizabeth City. The route turns north through Downtown as North Road Street, ending with its intersection with US 17/Hughes Boulevard. Mainline US 17 continues north on North Road Street.
US 17 Bus. Truck is a double-designation almost unique among U.S. routes, traveling from the Camden Causeway west along Elizabeth Street and north along Hughes Boulevard to double-terminate with US 17 Business. The northern segment of US 17 Business from Elizabeth Street to its termination at Hughes Boulevard runs through a residential district and additionally has weight restrictions, thus requiring an alternate business routing.
US 17 Byp. (2002–present) is a fully access-controlled andInterstate-grade freeway. Completed in 2002, US 17 Bypass stretches 9.3 miles to the immediate west of the city, eliminating one of the last remaining inner-city stretches of US 17 in North Carolina. In combination with other bypasses on U.S. 17 from the Virginia border toWilliamston, the Elizabeth City bypass forms an integral component in the futureI-87.
US 158 enters Elizabeth City from points east, including theOuter Banks, as well asDare,Currituck, andCamden counties. Traveling westward through town as Elizabeth Street, US 158 temporarily merges with mainline and Truck Business US 17 along the Hughes Boulevard and North Road Street corridors. It continues traveling northwestward leaving the city limits, turning left at Morgan's Corner and continuing westward across theGreat Dismal Swamp intoGates County.
NC 344 forms a minor connection southeastward from the US 17 Bypass to southern Pasquotank County. NC 344 serves as a major commercial and industrial corridor along Elizabeth City's southern edge, providing access toCoast Guard Air Station Elizabeth City,Elizabeth City State University, and the rural unincorporated community ofWeeksville.
Future I-87 is planned to connect Elizabeth City to theInterstate Highway System; when completed, it will run fromRaleigh toNorfolk, Virginia, utilizing existing segments of US 64, US 13 and US 17, upgrading them to fully controlled access Interstate highway standards.
Elizabeth City has a joint civil-military airport, shared with U.S.Coast Guard Air Station Elizabeth City, and located 4 miles (6 km) southeast of the city limits, named theElizabeth City Regional Airport (IATA: ECG,ICAO: KECG,FAALID: ECG).
Scheduled domestic and international passenger services are available atNorfolk International Airport (IATA: ORF, ICAO: KORF, FAA LID: ORF), located about an hour north in Norfolk, Virginia.
Local public bus transportation is provided by the Inter-County Public Transportation Authority, with service to Pasquotank, Perquimans, Camden, Chowan, and Currituck counties.[64]
Elizabeth City has regularly scheduled inter-city bus service throughGreyhound.
TheChesapeake and Albemarle Railroad, ashort line operated by the North Carolina and Virginia Railroad, extends 82 miles (132 km) betweenEdenton, North Carolina, andChesapeake, Virginia. This line had first been established in 1881 as the Elizabeth City and Norfolk Railroad, later renamed theNorfolk Southern Railway. Once one of Norfolk Southern's principal lines, the decline of the region's industry and the demolition of tracks across theAlbemarle Sound from Edenton to Mackey's Ferry marginalized the route, forcing the line's lease to the Chesapeake and Albemarle in 1990.[65] The railroad still serves the region, primarily carrying grain, sand, gravel and other raw materials to and from the Norfolk Southern and CSX mainlines in Chesapeake.
Passenger service to Elizabeth City ended in 1947. Today, the closest passenger service is provided byAmtrak inNewport News, Virginia, approximately one hour to the north. Though an Amtrak station exists inNorfolk, Virginia, most outbound passengers from Norfolk are bussed via Amtrak Connect to Newport News instead.
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Municipalities and communities ofPasquotank County, North Carolina,United States | ||
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| Unincorporated communities | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
Municipalities and communities ofCamden County, North Carolina,United States | ||
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| CDPs | ||
| Townships | ||
| Unincorporated community | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
