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Elif Shafak

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Turkish novelist, essayist and women's rights activist (born 1971)

Elif Shafak

Shafak in 2021
Shafak in 2021
Native name
Elif Şafak
Born
Elif Bilgin

(1971-10-25)25 October 1971 (age 54)
Strasbourg, France
Occupation
  • Novelist
  • essayist
  • public speaker
  • activist
Language
  • English
  • Turkish
  • Spanish
EducationMiddle East Technical University
Period1990s–present
GenreLiterary fiction
Notable works
Signature
Website
www.elifshafak.com

Elif Shafak (Turkish:Elif Şafak[eˈlifʃaˈfak]; néeBilgin; born 25 October 1971) is aTurkish-British[1]novelist,essayist,public speaker,political scientist,[2] and activist.

Shafak[a] writes inTurkish andEnglish, and has published 21 books. She is best known for hernovels, which includeThe Bastard of Istanbul,The Forty Rules of Love,Three Daughters of Eve,10 Minutes 38 Seconds in This Strange World, andThe Island of Missing Trees. Her works have been translated into 57 languages and have been nominated for several literary awards. She has been described by theFinancial Times as "Turkey's leading female novelist",[3] with several of her works having been bestsellers in Turkey and internationally.

Her works have prominently featured the city ofIstanbul, and dealt with themes ofEastern and Western culture, roles of women in society, and human rights issues. Certain politically challenging topics addressed in her novels, such as child abuse and theArmenian genocide, have led tolegal action from authorities in Turkey[4][5] that prompted her toemigrate to theUnited Kingdom.

Shafak has aPhD inpolitical science. An essayist and contributor to several media outlets, Shafak has advocated forwomen's rights, minority rights, andfreedom of speech.[6][7]

Early life and education

[edit]

Shafak was born inStrasbourg,France, to Nuri Bilgin, a professor of Social Psychology, and Şafak Atayman, who later became adiplomat. After her parents separated, Shafak returned toAnkara, Turkey, where she was raised by her mother and maternal grandmother.[8] She says that growing up in a dysfunctional family was difficult, but that growing up in a non-patriarchal environment had a beneficial impact on her. Having grown up without her father, she met her half-brothers for the first time when she was in her mid-twenties.[9]

Shafak added her mother's first name, Turkish for "dawn", to her own when constructing her pen name at the age of eighteen. Shafak spent her teenage years inMadrid,Jordan andGermany.[9]

Shafak studied an undergraduate degree ininternational relations atMiddle East Technical University, and earned amaster's degree inwomen's studies.[10] She holds aPhD inpolitical science.[11][12] She has taught at universities in Turkey. Later emigrating to the United States, she was a fellow atMount Holyoke College, a visiting professor at theUniversity of Michigan, and was atenured professor at theUniversity of Arizona inNear Eastern studies.[9][13]

In the UK, for the 2017–2018 academic year, she held the Weidenfeld Visiting Professorship in Comparative European Literature atSt Anne's College,University of Oxford,[14] where she is an honorary fellow.[15] Hertford College’s Governing Body elected her as a Visiting Fellow in 2024.[16]

Career

[edit]

Shafak has published 21 books, fiction and nonfiction.[17]

Fiction

[edit]

Shafak's first novel,Pinhan, was awarded the Rumi Prize in 1998, a Turkish literary prize.[18]

Shafak's 1999 novelMahrem (The Gaze) was awarded "Best Novel" by theTurkish Authors' Association in 2000.[19]

Her next novel,Bit Palas (The Flea Palace, 2002), was shortlisted forThe Independent Foreign Fiction Prize in 2005.[20][21] After 22 years, in January 2024 Shafak was found guilty of plagiarism in her bookBit Palas.[22] However, 130 prominent figures from the literary world came together to issue a statement emphasising that this was not a real case.[23] Both Shafak and her publisher in Turkey have appealed the decision of the first court.[24][needs update]

Shafak released her first novel in English,The Saint of Incipient Insanities, in 2004.[9]

Her second novel in English,The Bastard of Istanbul, was long-listed for theOrange Prize.[25] It addresses theArmenian genocide, which isdenied by the Turkish government. Shafak was prosecuted in July 2006 on charges of "insulting Turkishness" (Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code) for discussing the genocide in the novel. Had she been convicted, she would have faced a maximum prison sentence of three years.The Guardian commented thatThe Bastard of Istanbul may be the first Turkish novel to address the genocide.[26] She was acquitted of these charges in September 2006 at the prosecutor's request.[27]

Shafak's novelThe Forty Rules of Love (Aşk in Turkish) became a bestseller in Turkey upon its release;[28] it sold more than 200,000 copies by 2009, surpassing a previous record of 120,000 copies set byOrhan Pamuk'sThe New Life (1994).[29] In France, Shafak's novel was awarded a Prix ALEF* – Mention Spéciale Littérature Etrangère.[30] It was also nominated for the 2012International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award.[31] In 2019, it was listed by theBBC as one of the100 "most inspiring" novels[32] and one of the "100 novels that shaped our world".[33]

Her 2012 novelHonour, which focuses on anhonour killing,[34] was nominated for the 2012Man Asian Literary Prize and 2013Women's Prize for Fiction,[35][36][37] followed byThe Architect's Apprentice, a historical fiction novel about a fictional apprentice toMimar Sinan, in 2014.[9]

Shafak's novelThree Daughters of Eve (2017), set in Istanbul and Oxford from the 1980s to the present day,[38] was chosen by London MayorSadiq Khan as his favourite book of the year.[39] American writerSiri Hustvedt also praised the book.[40] The book explores themes of secular versus orthodox religious practice, conservative versus liberal politics and modern Turkish attitudes towards these .[41]

FollowingMargaret Atwood,David Mitchell andSjon, Shafak was selected as the 2017 writer for theFuture Library project. Her workThe Last Taboo[42] is the fourth part of a collection of 100 literary works that will not be published until 2114.[43]

Shafak's 2019 novel10 Minutes 38 Seconds in This Strange World, revolving around the life of an Istanbul sex worker, was shortlisted for theBooker Prize.[44] In 2019, Shafak was investigated by Turkish prosecutors for addressing child abuse and sexual violence in her fiction writing.[5][needs update]

Shafak released her twelfth novelThe Island of Missing Trees in 2021.[45]

Her 2024 novel isThere are Rivers in the Sky, a split-timeline novel about water, that reaches from the Assyrian kingAshurbanipal to a hydrologist in present day London.[46]

Non-fiction

[edit]

Shafak's non-fiction essays in Turkish have been collected in four books:Med-Cezir (2005),[47]Firarperest (2010),[48]Şemspare (2012)[49] andSanma ki Yalnızsın (2017).[50]

In 2020, Shafak publishedHow to Stay Sane in an Age of Division.[2]

In the media

[edit]

Shafak has written forTime,[51]The Guardian,[52]La Repubblica,[53]The New Yorker,[54]The New York Times,[55]Der Spiegel[56] andNew Statesman.[57]

Shafak has been a panellist or commentator onBBC World,[58]Euronews[59] andAl Jazeera English.[60]

Until 2009, when she transferred toHabertürk, Shafak was a writer for the newspaperZaman, which was known for its affiliation withFethullah Gülen.

In July 2017, Elif Shafak was chosen as a "castaway" onBBC Radio 4'sDesert Island Discs.[61]

Shafak has been aTEDGlobal speaker three times.[62]

Themes

[edit]

Istanbul

[edit]

Istanbul has been prominent in Shafak's writing. She depicts the city as amelting pot of different cultures and various contradictions.[63] Shafak has remarked: "Istanbul makes one comprehend, perhaps not intellectually but intuitively, thatEast and West are ultimately imaginary concepts, and can thereby be de-imagined and re-imagined."[51] In the same essay written forTime magazine Shafak says: "East and West is no water and oil. They do mix. And in a city like Istanbul they mix intensely, incessantly, amazingly."[51]The New York Times Book Review said of Shafak, "she has a particular genius for depicting backstreet Istanbul, where the myriad cultures of theOttoman Empire are still in tangled evidence on every family tree."[4]

In a piece she wrote for theBBC, Shafak said, "Istanbul is like a huge, colourfulMatrushka – you open it and find another doll inside. You open that, only to see a new doll nesting. It is a hall of mirrors where nothing is quite what it seems. One should be cautious when using categories to talk about Istanbul. If there is one thing the city doesn't like, it is clichés."[64]

Eastern and Western cultures

[edit]

Shafak blendsEastern and Western ways of storytelling, and draws onoral and written culture. InThe Washington Post,Ron Charles Wrote: "Shafak speaks in a multivalent voice that captures the roiling tides of diverse cultures."[65]Mysticism and specificallySufism has also been a theme in her work, particularly inThe Forty Rules of Love.[66][67][28]

Feminism

[edit]

Afeminist and advocate forgender equality, Shafak's writing has addressed numerous feminist issues and the role of women in society.[66][63][38] Examples include motherhood[66] andviolence against women.[63] In an interview with William Skidelsky forThe Guardian, she said: "In Turkey, men write and women read. I want to see this change."[68]

Human rights

[edit]

Shafak's novels have exploredhuman rights issues, particularlythose in Turkey. She has said: "What literature tries to do is to re-humanize people who have been dehumanized ... People whose voices we never hear. That's a big part of my work".[69] Specific topics have includedpersecution of Yazidis, theArmenian genocide[63] and the treatment of variousminorities in Turkey.[69]

Views

[edit]

Freedom of speech

[edit]

Shafak is an advocate forfreedom of expression.[70] While taking part in the Free Speech Debate, she commented: "I am more interested in showing the things we have in common as fellow human beings, sharing the same planet and ultimately, the same sorrows and joys rather than adding yet another brick in the imaginary walls erected between cultures/religions/ethnicities."[71]

Political views

[edit]

Shafak has been critical of thepresidency ofRecep Tayyip Erdoğan, describing his tenure as leading to increasedauthoritarianism in Turkey.[72] She signed an open letter in protest againstTurkey's Twitter ban in 2014, commenting: "the very core ofdemocracy ... is lacking in today's Turkey".[73]

Shafak has spoken and written about various global political trends. In the 2010s, she drew parallels betweenTurkish political history and political developments in Europe and the United States.[67] Writing inThe New Yorker in 2016, she said "Wave after wave of nationalism,isolationism, and tribalism have hit the shores of countries across Europe, and they have reached the United States. Jingoism and xenophobia are on the rise. It is an Age of Angst—and it is a short step from angst to anger and from anger to aggression."[54]

Shafak signed an open letter in protest against Russianpersecution of homosexuals andblasphemy laws beforeSochi 2014.[74]

Personal life

[edit]

Shafak had lived inIstanbul, and in the United States before moving to theUK.[75] Shafak has lived inLondon since 2013,[9][76] but speaks of "carrying Istanbul in her soul".[77] As of 2019, Shafak had been in self-imposedexile from Turkey due to fear of prosecution.[67][78]

Shafak is married to the Turkish journalist Eyüp Can Sağlık, a former editor of the liberal newspaperRadikal, with whom she has a daughter and a son.[76][79] In 2017, Shafak came out asbisexual.[80]

Following the birth of her daughter in 2006, Shafak suffered frompostnatal depression, a period she addressed in her memoirBlack Milk.[81]

Awards and recognition

[edit]

Book awards

[edit]

Other recognition

[edit]

Bibliography

[edit]
TurkishEnglish
NameYearPublisherISBNNameYearPublisherISBN
Kem Gözlere Anadolu1994Evrensel9789757837299
Pinhan1997Metis975-342-297-0
Şehrin Aynaları1999Metis975-342-298-9
Mahrem2000Metis975-342-285-7The Gaze2006Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd978-0714531212
Bit Palas2002Metis975-342-354-3 The Flea Palace2007Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd978 0714531205
Araf2004Metis978-975-342-465-3The Saint of Incipient Insanities2004Farrar, Straus and Giroux0-374-25357-9
Beşpeşe (withMurathan Mungan, Faruk Ulay, Celil Oker andPınar Kür)2004Metis975-342-467-1
Med-Cezir2005Metis975-342-533-3
Baba ve Piç2006Metis978-975-342-553-7The Bastard of Istanbul2007Viking0-670-03834-2
Siyah Süt2007Doğan975-991-531-6Black Milk: On Writing, Motherhood, and the Harem Within2011Viking0-670-02264-0
Aşk2009Doğan978-605-111-107-0The Forty Rules of Love: A Novel ofRumi2010Viking0-670-02145-8
Kâğıt Helva2010Doğan978-605-111-426-2
Firarperest2010Doğan978-605-111-902-1
The Happiness of Blond People: A Personal Meditation on the Dangers of Identity2011Penguin9780670921768
İskender2011Doğan978-605-090-251-8Honour2012Viking0-670-92115-7
Şemspare2012Doğan978-605-090-799-5
Ustam ve Ben2013Doğan978-605-09-1803-8The Architect's Apprentice2014Viking978-024-100-491-3
Sakız Sardunya2014Doğan978-605-09-2291-2
Havva'nın Üç Kızı2016Doğan978-605-09-3537-0Three Daughters of Eve2016Viking978-024-128-804-7
Sanma ki Yalnızsın2018Doğan978-605-095-146-2
On Dakika Otuz Sekiz Saniye2019Doğan978-605-096-309-010 Minutes 38 Seconds in This Strange World2019Viking978-024-129-386-7
Aşkın Kırk Kuralı (compilation based onAşk)2019Doğan Novus978-605-095-864-5
Bölünmüş Bir Dünyada Akıl Sağlığımızı Nasıl Koruruz2022Doğan978-625-821-547-2How to Stay Sane in an Age of Division2020Welcome Collection /Profile Books978-178-816-572-3
Kayıp Ağaçlar Adası2023Doğan978-625-684-315-8The Island of Missing Trees2021Viking978-024-143-499-4
Gökyüzünde Nehirler Var2025DoğanThere Are Rivers in the Sky2024Viking978-024-143-501-4
  Novel
  Essay /Anthology
  Autobiography
  Children's book
  Short story

NOTE: Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd was bought out by Viking in 2011.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Her name is spelled "Shafak" (with the digraph ⟨Sh⟩ in place of the ⟨Ş⟩) on her books published in English, including the Penguin Books edition ofThe Forty Rules of Love.

References

[edit]
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Further reading

[edit]
  • Kalpaklı, Fatma. Amitav Ghosh ile Elif Şafak’ın Romanlarında Öteki/leştirme/Us and Them Attitude in the Works of Amitav Ghosh and Elif Şafak. Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi, 2016.ISBN 978-605-9427-28-9

External links

[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related toElif Shafak.
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Works byElif Shafak
Fiction
Non-fiction
  • Black Milk: On Writing, Motherhood, and the Harem Within (2011)
  • How to Stay Sane in an Age of Division (2020)
See also
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Medieval and
Ottoman
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