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Anelectoral alliance (also known as abipartisan electoral agreement,electoral pact,electoral agreement,electoral coalition orelectoral bloc) is an association ofpolitical parties or individuals that exists solely to stand in elections.
Each of the parties within the alliance has its ownpolicies but chooses temporarily to put aside differences in favour of common goals and ideology in order to pool their voters' support and get elected. On occasion, an electoral alliance may be formed by parties with very different policy goals, which agree to pool resources in order to stop a particular candidate or party from gaining power.
Unlike acoalition formed after an election, the partners in an electoral alliance usually do not run candidates against one another but encourage their supporters to vote for candidates from the other members of the alliance. In some agreements with a larger party enjoying a higher degree of success at the polls, the smaller party fields candidates under the banner of the larger party, with the elected members of the smaller party sitting with the elected members of the larger party in the cabinet or legislature. They usually aim to continue co-operation after the election, for example by campaigning together on issues on which they have common views. If the alliance endures beyond elections, the association is aparliamentary group.
By offering to endorse or nominate a major party's candidate, minor parties may be in position to influence the candidate's platform.
TheFrente de Todos (Everybody's Front or Front for All)[1][2]) was a coalition ofPeronist[3] andKirchnerist[4] political parties and associations in Argentina formed in 2019 to support the candidacy ofAlberto Fernández andCristina Fernández de Kirchner in the2019 Argentine general election.
Juntos por el Cambio (Together for Change) is anArgentinebig tent[5][6]political coalition. It was created in 2015 asCambiemos (Let's Change), and renamed in 2019.[7] It is composed ofRepublican Proposal (PRO), theRadical Civic Union (UCR), theCivic Coalition (CC-ARI) and sectors ofFederal Peronism since the arrival ofMiguel Ángel Pichetto to the national coalition.
Prior to the2018 Armenian parliamentary election, theRepublic Party formed an electoral alliance known as theWe Alliance with theFree Democrats. Both parties campaigned on a similarPro-European platform and sought to challenge a competing electoral alliance known as theMy Step Alliance.[8]
TheAlliance Party for Progress (APP) is aChristian andsocial democratic electoral alliance inBarbados. It was formed on 30 December 2021 by theUnited Progressive Party (UPP) and thePeople's Party for Democracy and Development (PdP) to contest the2022 Barbadian general election. It is headed by the leader of the PdP, BishopJoseph Atherley, with the leader of the UPPLynette Eastmond becoming deputy head.[9]
In Belgium, the Dutch term for an electoral alliance iskartel. Currentkartels include the following:
Previouskartels include the following:
TheRed-Green Alliance was formed as an electoral alliance between theCommunist Party (DKP), theLeft Socialists (VS), and theSocialist Workers Party (SAP) in 1989. It reformed itself as a unified party in 1991, but the participating parties continue on their own in some ways (for example by having their own separate party newspapers).
TheSyriza Party started out as an electoral alliance but then united into a single party.
Since 1994, Italian politics has been divided into two main blocs, thecentre-right and thecentre-left coalitions; which under various forms alternatively led the country for more than two decades.
For the2022 general election the coalition is composed of four parties, theBrothers of Italy,League (Lega),Forza Italia andUs Moderates.
For the2022 general election the alliance was formed by four parties;Democratic Party – Democratic and Progressive Italy,More Europe,Civic Commitment andGreens and Left Alliance.
Dutch elections from 1973 to 2017 allowed for electoral alliances between two parties where both parties would nominate a combinedparty list. This practice, called thelijstverbinding, was abolished in June 2017 after being earlier abandoned for Senate elections.[10]
Typically, the parties in a coalition are ideologically related. For example, in the2003 general elections, theSocialist Party andGreenLeft formed alijstverbinding. In the2004 European elections the social-democraticPvdA and GreenLeft formed alijstverbinding. The Orthodox ProtestantReformed Political Party andChristian Union have also formed alijstverbinding in the past[citation needed].
In a common list two or more political parties share a list and often have a common political programme for the election. The participating political parties are identifiable for the voters because the names of these parties are mentioned on the voting paper. It is similar toelectoral fusion as voters give their votes to specific candidates on the list.
Philippine Senate elections since 1987 have been primarily contested by multi-party electoral alliances, with guest candidates if an alliance is not able to complete a 12-person slate. Slates having guest candidates is seen as a weakness of finding candidates within their ranks.[11] This has been a feature of midterm elections, where there are usually two or three major coalitions, with presidential elections years having major presidential candidates putting up their own senatorial slates.
An electoral alliance called "holy alliance" was formed byWelfare Party,Nationalist Task Party andReformist Democracy Party to contest in the1991 Turkish general election.[12]
Before the 1991 Turkish general election, social democraticSHP and pro-KurdishHEP formed an electoral alliance.[13]
The Nation Alliance (Turkish:Millet İttifakı) is an electoral alliance in Turkey made up of some of the major Turkish opposition parties to contest under a common banner in the country's 2018 general-presidential election, later for the 2019 local elections, and presently for the upcoming2023 presidential andparliamentary elections in June. The alliance consists ofRepublican People's Party,Good Party,Felicity Party, andDemocrat Party.
The People's Alliance (Turkish:Cumhur İttifakı) is an electoral alliance in Turkey, established in February 2018 between the rulingJustice and Development Party and the formerly oppositionNationalist Movement Party. The alliance was formed to contest the2018 general election, and brings together the political parties supporting the re-election of PresidentRecep Tayyip Erdoğan.
The Labour and Freedom Alliance (Turkish:Emek ve Özgürlük İttifakı,Kurdish:Hevkariya Ked û Azadiyê) is formed byPeoples' Democratic Party,Workers' Party of Turkey,Labour Party,Labourist Movement Party,Social Freedom Party and Federation of Socialist Councils to contest the2023 presidential andparliamentary elections.
Made up by theCommunist Party of Turkey,Communist Movement of Turkey, Revolution Movement and theLeft Party to contest the2023 presidential andparliamentary elections.
Made up byVictory Party,Justice Party,Turkey Alliance Party andMy Country Party to contest the2023 presidential andparliamentary elections.[14]
An electoral alliance survives to this day between theLabour Party and theCo-operative Party, which fieldsLabour Co-operative candidates in general elections in several constituencies, and in some local council elections. They have jointly contested elections since the 1927 Cheltenham Agreement. As of the2019 general election, there are 38 Labour Co-operative MPs, the fourth-largest political grouping in theCommons (after theConservative Party, Labour and the Scottish National Party).
The SDP–Liberal Alliance began in 1981, shortly after theLimehouse Declaration. The Alliance contested the1983 and1987 elections, and became defunct in 1988, when the parties merged into theLiberal Democrats. In the first few years of the alliance, Liberals and Social Democrats were very confident it would be a success,David Steel even suggesting that Alliance could form the next government.[15] Later on, however, the alliance faced difficulty with political and personal clashes between Steel andDavid Owen, as well as presentation issues (such as contradiction on policy). When the parties merged in 1988, Owen did not join the Liberal Democrats.
A socialist coalition comprisingRMT,Socialist Party,Solidarity, &c. candidates, the TUSC formed to contest the2010 general election. The alliance has been consistently electorally unsuccessful, also contesting the2015 general election, but endorsing Labour in2017.
In the2019 United Kingdom general election,pro-EU parties formed a pact in English and Welsh seats.
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