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Elaine Stritch

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American actress (1925–2014)

Elaine Stritch
Portrait byAllan Warren, 1973
Born(1925-02-02)February 2, 1925
DiedJuly 17, 2014(2014-07-17) (aged 89)
Resting placeMemorial Park Cemetery,Skokie, Illinois
Occupations
  • Actress
  • singer
  • comedienne
Years active1944–2014
Spouse

Elaine Stritch (February 2, 1925 – July 17, 2014) was an American actress, singer, and comedian, known for her work onBroadway and later, television. She made her professional stage debut in 1944 and appeared in numerous stage plays, musicals, feature films and television series. Stritch was inducted into theAmerican Theater Hall of Fame in 1995.

Stritch made her Broadway debut in the 1946 comedyLoco and went on to receive fourTony Award nominations: for theWilliam Inge playBus Stop (1956); theNoël Coward musicalSail Away (1962); theStephen Sondheim musicalCompany (1970), which included her performance of the song "The Ladies Who Lunch"; and for the revival of theEdward Albee playA Delicate Balance (1996). Her one-woman showElaine Stritch at Liberty won the 2002Tony Award for Best Special Theatrical Event.

Stritch relocated to London in the 1970s and starred in severalWest End productions, includingTennessee Williams'Small Craft Warnings (1973) andNeil Simon'sThe Gingerbread Lady (1974). She also starred withDonald Sinden in theITV sitcomTwo's Company (1975–79), which earned her a 1979BAFTA TV Award nomination. She won anEmmy Award in 1993 for her guest role onLaw & Order and another for the 2004 television documentary of her one-woman showElaine Stritch at Liberty. From 2007 to 2012, she had a recurring role asColleen Donaghy on theNBC sitcom30 Rock, a role that won her a third Emmy in 2007.

Early life

[edit]

Stritch was born on February 2, 1925, inDetroit,Michigan,[1][2] the youngest daughter of Mildred (née Jobe), a homemaker, and George Joseph Stritch, an executive withB.F. Goodrich.[3] She had two older sisters, Georgene and Sally.[4] Her Catholic family was well-off.[5][6] Her father was of Irish descent, while her mother had Welsh ancestry.Cardinal Samuel Stritch,Archbishop of Chicago from 1940 to 1958, was one of her cousins.[7] She trained at theDramatic Workshop ofThe New School for Social Research in New York City underErwin Piscator,[8] alongsideMarlon Brando,Bea Arthur, andHarry Belafonte.[9]

Career

[edit]

Early stage career

[edit]

Stritch made her stage debut in 1944. Her later Broadway debut was inLoco in 1946, directed byJed Harris,[10] followed soon after byMade in Heaven (as a replacement),[11] and thenAngel in the Wings (1947), a revue in which she performed comedy sketches and the song "Civilization".[12]

Stritch understudiedEthel Merman forCall Me Madam, and, at the same time, appeared in the 1952 revival ofPal Joey, singing "Zip".[12] Stritch later starred in the national tour ofCall Me Madam, and appeared in a supporting role in the original Broadway production of William Inge's playBus Stop. In 1958 she originated the leading role of Maggie Harris in the musicalGoldilocks.

She starred inNoël Coward'sSail Away on Broadway in 1961. Stritch started in the show in a "relatively minor role and was only promoted over the title and given virtually all the best songs when it was reckoned that the leading lady...although excellent, was rather too operatic for a musical comedy".[13] During out-of-town tryouts in Boston, Coward was "unsure about the dramatic talents" of one of the leads, opera singerJean Fenn.[14]

They were, after all, engaged for their voices and...it is madness to expect two singers to play subtle 'Noël Coward' love scenes with the right values and sing at the same time.[14]

Joe Layton suggested "What would happen if...we just eliminated [Fenn's] role and gave everything to Stritch? The show was very old-fashioned, and the thing that was working was Elaine Stritch. Every time she went on stage [she] was a sensation." The reconstructed 'Sail Away' opened on Broadway at the Broadhurst Theatre on October 3, 1961",[14] with Stritch giving what Howard Taubman of The New York Times said "must be the performance of her career."[15]

In 1966, she played Ruth Sherwood in the musicalWonderful Town at New York's City Center, and appeared in an Off Broadway revival ofPrivate Lives in 1968.

Elaine Stritch,Harold Prince, andJane Russell, on the set of the Broadway musical,Company (1970–72)

She was the original performer cast in the role of Joanne inStephen Sondheim'sCompany (1970) on Broadway. After over a decade of successful runs in shows in New York, Stritch moved in 1972 to London, where she starred in theWest End production ofCompany. On tour and in stock, Stritch appeared in such musicals asNo, No, Nanette,The King and I,I Married an Angel, and inMame as both Vera Charles (oppositeJanet Blair) and Mame Dennis.

Television

[edit]

Stritch's earliest television appearances were inThe Growing Paynes (1949) and theGoodyear Television Playhouse (1953–55).[16] She also appeared on episodes ofThe Ed Sullivan Show in 1954.[17] She was the first and original Trixie Norton in aHoneymooners sketch withJackie Gleason,Art Carney andPert Kelton. The character was originally a burlesque dancer, but the role was rewritten and recast after just one episode with the more wholesome lookingJoyce Randolph playing the character as a housewife.[8]

Stritch's other television credits included a number of dramatic programs in the 1950s and 1960s, includingStudio One. In the 1960 television season, Stritch appeared in the role of writer Ruth Sherwood in theCBS sitcomMy Sister Eileen, oppositeShirley Bonne[18] as her younger sister, Eileen Sherwood, an aspiring actress. The sisters, natives ofOhio, live in a brownstone apartment inGreenwich Village. The one-season series aired oppositeHawaiian Eye onABC andPerry Como's Kraft Music Hall onNBC.

She also co-starred inThe Trials of O'Brien withPeter Falk andJoanna Barnes. The series ran for 22 episodes on CBS Television between September 18, 1965 and March 18, 1966.

In 1975, Stritch starred in the BritishLWT comedy seriesTwo's Company oppositeDonald Sinden.[19] She played Dorothy McNab, an American writer living in London who was known for her lurid and sensationalist thriller novels. Sinden played Robert, her English butler, who disapproved of practically everything Dorothy did and the series derived its comedy from the inevitable culture clash between Robert's very British stiff-upper-lip attitude and Dorothy's devil-may-care New York view of life.Two's Company was exceptionally well received in Britain and ran for four series until 1979.[20] In 1979, both Stritch and Sinden were nominated for aBAFTA TV Award forTwo's Company, in the category "Best Light Entertainment Performance", losing out toRonnie Barker.

In 1980, Stritch starred in another series for LWT,Nobody's Perfect (the British version ofMaude—not to be confused with the1980 American series of the same name, which aired in the UK asHart of the Yard) playing Bill Hooper alongsideRichard Griffiths as her husband Sam. Unsatisfied with the Anglicised scripts, Stritch herself adapted the original American scripts for all but one of the fourteen episodes (Griffiths handled the remaining one).[21]

Stritch in 1996

Other British television appearances by Stritch includedRoald Dahl'sTales of the Unexpected. Although she appeared several times in different roles, perhaps her most memorable appearance was in the story "William and Mary", in which she played the wife of a man who has cheated death by having his brain preserved.[22] She appeared onBBC 1's children's series,Jackanory,[23] reading, among other stories,Charlie and the Chocolate Factory byRoald Dahl.

After returning to the United States, she appeared onThe Edge of Night as vinegary nanny Mrs. DeGroot, then was cast as a regular on the short-livedThe Ellen Burstyn Show in 1986. She appeared as the stern schoolteacher Mrs. McGee on three episodes ofThe Cosby Show (1989–90). She had a recurring role inLaw & Order (1992, 1997) as Lanie Stieglitz.[24] Other roles included Judge Grace Lema onOz (1998); and Martha Albright (mother ofJane Curtin's character) on two episodes of3rd Rock From the Sun (1997, 2001), alongside her Broadway co-starGeorge Grizzard, who played George Albright. On April 26, 2007, she began guest appearances on the NBC sitcom30 Rock asColleen, the fearsome mother ofAlec Baldwin's lead character,Jack Donaghy.[25]

Stritch was reportedly considered for the role of Dorothy Zbornak onThe Golden Girls but, as she related in her showElaine Stritch at Liberty, she "blew her audition".[26] The role was cast withBeatrice Arthur. She was seen onOne Life to Live (1993), replacing fellow stage legendEileen Heckart as Wilma Bern. In 1996, she appeared on an episode ofLate Show with David Letterman as a woman who believes hostDavid Letterman is herpool boy.[27]

Film roles

[edit]

Stritch appeared in more films in her later years than the early part of her career. In an interview in 1988, it was noted that "Making movies is challenging to Stritch since she considers herself a novice." She said: "I'm fascinated with it. And I want to do more of them." She was asked why she waited so long to make movies since she apparently enjoys it so much. "You do a movie for, like, three months and then you're finished. You do a part in a play and it's like going into a roomful of audiences for a year."[28]

Early in her career, she appeared inThree Violent People (1956) starringCharlton Heston, as the hotel proprietor pal ofAnne Baxter,[29] and then co-starred oppositeRock Hudson andJennifer Jones in theDavid O. Selznick remake ofA Farewell to Arms (1957) as Hudson's nurse.[30] InThe Perfect Furlough, she co-starred oppositeTony Curtis andJanet Leigh. She had a showy role as the lesbian proprietor of a bar in the cult filmWho Killed Teddy Bear? (1965), which starredSal Mineo.[31] She played a "tough-as-nails" nurse in the remake ofThe Spiral Staircase (1975)[32] and was praised for her performance inProvidence (1977).[33]

When she returned to the United States in the mid-1980s from London,Woody Allen cast her as the former movie star mother in his dramaSeptember (1987).People magazine called her performance "acclaimed" and wrote "Though the movie has received mixed reviews, Stritch's roaring presence, like Godzilla in a stalled elevator, can't be ignored."[34] Allen later cast her in his comedySmall Time Crooks (2000) in which she played a "snobby socialite".Rex Reed wrote of her performance: "Elaine Stritch can still stop you in your tracks with a meaningless, drop-dead one-liner (which is all she gets here)."[35]

She joined the ensemble ofCocoon: The Return (1988) as an apartment manager who helps widowedJack Gilford get over his wife's death. Among her co-stars were formerGoldilocks co-starDon Ameche andGwen Verdon.[28] She appeared inOut to Sea (1997) asDyan Cannon's wise-cracking mother and "danced up a storm" with the other characters.[36] She playedWinona Ryder's loving grandmother in the filmAutumn in New York (2000).[37]

Stritch had a rare co-starring role in the comedyScrewed (2000), playing Miss Crock, who becomes the intended victim of a kidnapping by her disgruntled butler (Norm Macdonald).[38] She appeared in the comedyMonster in Law (2005) starringJennifer Lopez andJane Fonda, playing Fonda's former mother-in-law .[39]

BBC Radio

[edit]

In 1982, Stritch appeared on an edition of the long-running BBC Radio comedy seriesJust a Minute alongsideKenneth Williams,Clement Freud andBarry Cryer. The show was described by long-time chairmanNicholas Parsons as being among the most memorable because of the way Stritch stretched the show's rules. She described Kenneth Williams as capable of making "one word into a three-act play".[40]

Later stage work

[edit]

After her husband,John Bay, died from brain cancer in 1982,[41] Stritch returned to America, and after a further lull in her career and struggles withalcoholism,[42] Stritch began performing again. She appeared in a one-night only concert ofCompany in 1993 and as Parthy in a Broadway revival of the musicalShow Boat in 1994.

In 1996 she played Claire in a revival ofEdward Albee'sA Delicate Balance, withVariety writing: "Equally marvelous is Stritch, with a meatier role than her recent foray as Parthy in 'Show Boat.' To watch her succumb to the vast amounts of alcohol Claire ingests, folding and refolding her legs, slipping – no, oozing – onto the floor, her face crumpling like a paper bag, is to witness a different but equally winning kind of thespian expertise. It's a master class up there."[43]

Elaine Stritch at Liberty

[edit]
Main article:Elaine Stritch at Liberty

Her one-woman showElaine Stritch at Liberty, a summation of her life and career, premiered at New York'sPublic Theater, running from November 7 to December 30, 2001.[44] It then ran on Broadway at theNeil Simon Theatre from February 21 to May 27, 2002, and then, also in 2002, at London'sOld Vic Theatre.[20][45]Newsweek noted:

Now we see howAt Liberty, the amazing one-woman show Stritch is moving to Broadway from the Public Theater this week, acquired the credit,"Constructed byJohn Lahr. Reconstructed by Elaine Stritch". "The reconstruction means I had the last say", she says. "Damn right I did." ... In case you didn't notice, Stritch is not the kind of woman who goes in for the sappy self-indulgence that pollutes most one-person shows. In fact,At Liberty is in a class by itself, a biting, hilarious and even touching tour-de-force tour of Stritch's career and life. Almost every nook and cranny of "At Liberty" holds a surprise. Turns out she datedMarlon Brando,Gig Young andBen Gazzara, though she dropped Ben whenRock Hudson showed an interest in her. "And we all know what a bum decision that turned out to be", she says. And then there were the shows. A British writer recently called Stritch"Broadway's last first lady", and when you see her performing her signature numbers fromCompany andPal Joey and hear her tell tales of working withMerman,Coward,Gloria Swanson and the rest, it's hard to argue. Especially since she does it all dressed in a long white shirt and form-fitting black tights. It's both a metaphor for her soul-baring musical and a sartorial kiss-my-rear gesture to anyone who thinks there isn't some life left in the 76-year-old diva. "Somebody said to me the other day, 'Is this the last thing you're going to do?'", says Stritch. "In your dreams! I can't wait to get back into anYves Saint Laurent costume that isn't mine – but [that] will be when the show is over.[46]

A Little Night Music

[edit]

Stritch appeared in the Broadway revival of the Sondheim-Wheeler musicalA Little Night Music from July 2010 to January 2011, succeedingAngela Lansbury in the role of Madame Armfeldt,[47][48] the mother who remembers her life as a courtesan in the song "Liaisons". The AP reviewer of the musical (with the two new leads) wrote "Devotees of Stritch, who earned her Sondheim stripes singing, memorably, 'The Ladies Who Lunch' inCompany 40 years ago, will revel in how the actress, who earned a huge ovation before her first line at a recent preview, brings her famously salty, acerbic style to the role of Madame Armfeldt."[49]

The theatre critic forThe Toronto Star wrote:

Stritch offers a sophisticated gloss on her by now patented, plain-talking woman who reveals all the home truths everyone ever wanted (or didn't) to hear about themselves. When Stritch tears into her big set-piece, 'Liaisons', about all the affairs in her life, it's not just a witty catalogue of indiscretions but a deeply moving fast-forward through a life filled equally with love, loss, joy and regret.[50]

Cabaret

[edit]

Stritch performed acabaret act in New York City at theCafe Carlyle in theCarlyle Hotel, where she was a resident from 2005 until she left New York in 2013. Her first show at the Carlyle was titled "At Home at the Carlyle".The New York Times reviewer wrote:

Amazingly, none of the 16 songs she performs have ever been in her repertory, and just as amazingly, you don't miss signature numbers... [L]etting them go has allowed her to venture into more sensitive emotional territory. Interpreting stark, talk-sing versions ofRodgers and Hart's "He Was Too Good to Me", "Fifty Percent" from the musicalBallroom, andKurt Weill andOgden Nash's "That's Him", she comes into her own as a dramatic ballad singer.[51]

Between musical numbers, Stritch told stories from the world of stage and screen, tales from her everyday life and personal glimpses of her private tragedies and triumphs. She performed at the Cafe Carlyle in early 2010 and in fall 2011 inAt Home at the Carlyle: Elaine Stritch Singin' Sondheim...One Song at a Time.[52]

Personal life

[edit]

Stritch was married to the actorJohn Bay from 1973 until his death in 1982. He was part of the family that owns the Bay's English Muffins company, and Stritch sentEnglish muffins as gifts to friends. SaidJohn Kenley: "Every Christmas, she still sends me English muffins."[53][54] When she was based in London, Stritch and her husband lived at theSavoy Hotel.[8]

She was good friends with gossip columnistLiz Smith, with whom she shared a birthday (February 2).[55]

In March 2013, Stritch announced she was leaving New York and relocating toBirmingham, Michigan, close to where she grew up.[56]

Stritch was candid about heralcoholism.[57] She took her first drink at 14 and began using it as a crutch before performances to vanquish herstage fright and insecurities. Her drinking worsened after Bay's death, and she sought help after experiencing problems with the effects of alcoholism, including the onset ofdiabetes.Elaine Stritch at Liberty discusses the topic at length.[6]

Death

[edit]
Stritch's grave at Memorial Park Cemetery

Stritch died in her sleep at age 89 at her home inBirmingham, Michigan, on July 17, 2014. She suffered fromdiabetes and hadstomach cancer. At the time of her death, three months after having had surgery for the disease, cancer was not cited as a cause of her death.[58][59][60][61] She is buried at Memorial Park Cemetery inSkokie, Illinois.

Acting credits

[edit]

Theatre

[edit]

Sources: FilmReference.com;[3] Internet Broadway Database;[62] TCM[63]

Filmography

[edit]
YearTitleRoleNotes
1956The Scarlet HourPhyllis Rycker
Three Violent PeopleRuby LaSalle
1957A Farewell to ArmsHelen Ferguson
1958The Perfect FurloughLiz Baker
1959Kiss Her GoodbyeMarge Carson
1965Who Killed Teddy BearMarian Freeman
1966Too Many ThievesMiss G
1970The Sidelong Glances of a Pigeon KickerTough Lady
Original Cast Album: CompanyHerself (Joanne)Documentary
1975The Spiral StaircaseNurse Baker
1977ProvidenceHelen Wiener
1987SeptemberDiane
1988Cocoon: The ReturnRuby Feinberg
1990Sparks: The Price of PassionMarti Sparks
Cadillac ManWidow
1997Out to SeaMavis LaBreche
1998Krippendorf's TribeIrene Hargrove
2000ScrewedVirginia Crock
Small Time CrooksChi Chi Potter
Autumn in New YorkDolores "Dolly" Talbot
2003Broadway: The Golden Age, by the Legends Who Were ThereHerselfDocumentary
2004Elaine Stritch at Liberty
2005The Needs of Kim Stanley
Monster-in-LawGertrude Fields
Romance & CigarettesGrace Murder
2012ParaNormanGrandma Babcock (voice)
2013Elaine Stritch: Shoot MeHerselfDocumentary
2014River of FundamentEulogist
2018Broadway: Beyond the Golden AgeHerselfDocumentary

Television

[edit]
This list isincomplete; you can help byadding missing items.(January 2023)
YearTitleRoleNotes
1948The Philco Television PlayhouseLittle NettieEpisode: "Angel in the Wings"
1949The Growing PaynesLaraine Payne
1951Once Upon a TuneEpisode: "Three Little Pigs"
1951Rocky King, DetectiveEpisode: "No Soap"
1953Kraft Television TheaterEpisode: "A Cup of Kindness"
1953–1955Goodyear PlayhouseVarious CharactersEpisodes: "Nothing to Sneeze At"
"Here's Father"
"Beloved Stranger"
1954The Motorola Television HourHazel BeckEpisode: "The Family Man"
1955NorbyEpisode: "Helen's Holiday"
1955Appointment with AdventureEpisode: "Escape from Vienna"
1955Mister PeepersEpisode: "Episode #4.27"
1955Matinee TheatreEpisode: "Coming of Age"
1957The Alcoa HourLauraEpisode: "He's for Me"
1958The DuPont Show of the MonthAunt BerthaEpisode: "The Red Mill"
1958Climax!Kristie CraneEpisode: "The Disappearance of Daphne"
1958Studio OneShirleyEpisode: "The Left-Handed Welcome"
1959True StoryLois KirbyEpisode: "Episode dated 22 August 1959"
1959Adventures in ParadiseEthel ForesterEpisode: "Haunted"
1960Wagon TrainTracy SadlerEpisode: "The Tracy Sadler Story"
1960Alcoa TheaterRuth SherwoodEpisode: "You Should Meet My Sister"
1960Goodyear TheaterRuth SherwoodEpisode: "You Should Meet My Sister"
1960–1961My Sister EileenRuth Sherwood27 Episodes
1963The Doctors and the NursesIrma DowneyEpisode: "The Witch of the East Wing"
1965–1966The Trials of O'BrienMiss G13 episodes
1971The Powder RoomTV Movie
1973PollyannaAunt Polly
1973–1979JackanoryStoryteller15 Episodes
1974Dial M for MurderGenevaEpisode: "If You Knew Susie"
1974The Presidents Last TapePriscillaTV Movie
1975Shades of GreenePatienceEpisode: "Two Gentle People"
1975–1979Two's CompanyDorothy McNab29 episodes
1979–1980Tales of the UnexpectedMary Pearl
Pamela Beauchamp
Episodes: "William and Mary
"My Lady Love, My Dove"
1980Nobody's PerfectBill Hooper14 Episodes
1981Christmas SpiritsJulia MyersonTV Movie
1981Trapper John, MDDr. Mary GerrardEpisode: "Supernurse"
1983–1984The Edge of NightMrs. DeGroot14 episodes
1986Great PerformancesHattie WalkerEpisode: "Follies in Concert"
1986StrandedMaxineTV Movie
1986–1987The Ellen Burstyn ShowSydney Brewer13 episodes
1988TattingersFranyEpisode: "Rest in Peas"
1989–1990The Cosby ShowMrs. McGee3 episodes
1990The Secret Life of Archie's WifeRowena SharphornTV Movie
Head of the ClassMrs. Hartman2 episodes
American PlayhouseMarianneEpisode: "Sensibility and Sense"
Sparks: The Price of PassionMarti SparksTV Movie
Steel MagnoliasOuiser BoudreauxTV Movie
1991Chance of a LifetimeSybil SedgwickTV Movie
An Inconvenient WomanRoseTV Mini Series
1992; 1997Law & OrderDefense Attorney Lanie Stieglitz2 episodes
1993One Life to LiveWilma Bern #2
1995Bless This HouseSheilaEpisode: "Misery on 34th Street"
19973rd Rock from the SunMartha AlbrightEpisode: "Dick-in-Law"
1997-1998Soul ManMrs. Foster
1998An Unexpected LifeLucinda SadwichTV Movie
1998OzJudge Grace LemaEpisode: "Losing Your Appeal"
2000-2003EGG, the Arts ShowSelf/Narrator
20013rd Rock from the SunMartha AlbrightEpisode: "My Mother, My Dick"
2003Life's a BitchMom
2007ParadiseIsabellaTV Movie
2007–201230 RockColleen Donaghy9 episodes
2014Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade NinjaRuth (voice)Episode: "Fudge Factory/Best Buds"

Notes

† – Posthumous release/airing

Awards and honors

[edit]
Main article:List of awards and nominations received by Elaine Stritch

TheTony Award for Best Special Theatrical Event was awarded to the producers ofElaine Stritch at Liberty. However, Stritch enthusiastically accepted the award at the56th Tony Awards, later complaining that her acceptance speech was cut off by the strains of the orchestra, which left her feeling angry.[79]

ThePrimetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety, Music, or Comedy Special for theHBO special ofElaine Stritch at Liberty, was awarded to its producers.[80]

Stritch was inducted into theAmerican Theater Hall of Fame in 1995.[81]

In popular culture

[edit]

Stritch's voice and vocal delivery are spoofed in theForbidden Broadway songs "The Ladies Who Screech"[82] and "Stritch", parodies of "The Ladies Who Lunch" and "Zip", songs she performed in the musicalsCompany andPal Joey.

In 2009, a parody by Bats Langley entitled "How the Stritch Stole Christmas" (loosely based on "How the Grinch Stole Christmas") appeared on YouTube.[83]

OnThe Big Gay Sketch Show in 2007, she was spoofed (portrayed by Nicol Paone) as aWal-Mart greeter who is still a theater gal at heart.[84] In a later episode, Stritch is spoofed as an airport security guard, who's still "on" and isn't able to tone down her over-the-top antics.[85] In yet another episode, "Stritch" is promoting her self-titled perfume "Stritchy" in dramatic fashion when she is confronted by the real-life Elaine Stritch, who makes acameo appearance.[86]

Starting in 2024, hercover version of "Are You Havin' Any Fun?" was the soundtrack of a series of TV commercials for theVolkswagen ID. Buzz.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Tallmer, Jerry.InterviewArchived December 13, 2007, at theWayback MachineThe Villager, May 26 – June 1, 2004
  2. ^"Born in 1925 per 1930 United States census". Search.ancestry.com. RetrievedJuly 17, 2014.
  3. ^ab"Elaine Stritch profile at FilmReference.com".filmreference.comyear=. RetrievedFebruary 28, 2017.
  4. ^1940 United States FederalCensus
  5. ^Celia Wren (May 3, 2002)."Elaine Stritch at Liberty".Commonweal. Archived fromthe original on December 23, 2008. RetrievedJanuary 8, 2009.
  6. ^abBBC Four Music."Elaine Stritch at Liberty".BBC Four. Archived fromthe original on January 4, 2009. RetrievedJanuary 8, 2009.
  7. ^"People: The Way Things Are".Time. February 23, 1948. RetrievedOctober 28, 2019.
  8. ^abc"Elaine Stritch Biography" tcm.com, accessed August 31, 2009
  9. ^Porter, Darwin. (2005).Brando unzipped, pp. 5, 12, 18. Blood Moon Productions, Ltd.;ISBN 0-9748118-2-3
  10. ^"'Loco' Listing", IBDb.com; accessed May 22, 2012
  11. ^"'Made in Heaven' Listing", IBDb.com; accessed May 22, 2012.
  12. ^abElaine Stritch profileArchived April 18, 2012, at theWayback Machine, pbs.org, accessed May 22, 2012.
  13. ^Sheridan Morley"Chapter:Pomp and Circumstance",Noël Coward, Haus Publishing, 2005;ISBN 1-904341-88-8, p. 126
  14. ^abcHoare, Philip."Sail Away",Noel Coward: A Biography, University of Chicago Press, 1998,ISBN 0-226-34512-2, p. 472
  15. ^Bruce Weber & Robert Berkvist."'Elaine Stritch, Broadway’s Enduring Dame, Dies at 89" New York Times, July 17, 2014
  16. ^"Actress Elaine Stritch dies at 89".CBS News. July 17, 2014. RetrievedJuly 18, 2014.
  17. ^"Elaine Stritch and Ed Sullivan, 1954".Daily News. July 17, 2014. RetrievedJuly 18, 2014.
  18. ^Barnes, Mike (July 17, 2014)."Broadway Legend Elaine Stritch Dies at 89".The Hollywood Reporter. RetrievedJuly 18, 2014.
  19. ^Brockes, Emma (July 16, 2008)."'I'm a do-it-myself kind of broad': Two decades of sobriety have been good to Elaine Stritch. The stage legend and Emmy award-winner talks to Emma Brockes about booze, Brando and Broadway".The Guardian. RetrievedJuly 18, 2014.
  20. ^abWalker, Tim."Donald Sinden's sadness at Elaine Stritch's death"The Telegraph, July 19, 2014, retrieved February 28, 2017
  21. ^Lewisohn, Mark (October 2, 2003).Radio Times Guide To TV Comedy. BBC.ISBN 0-563-48755-0.
  22. ^Longsdorf, Amy (October 4, 2004). "Mixpicks: DVD: Tales of the Unexpected: Set One".The Record. p. F3.
  23. ^Marshall, Ray (July 6, 2005). "Reading stars".Evening Chronicle. p. 22.
  24. ^"Elaine Stritch Films" imdb.com, retrieved February 28, 2017
  25. ^"Elaine Stritch Talks About Her Guest Stint on '30 Rock'". Buddytv.com. December 12, 2008. Archived fromthe original on April 2, 2015. RetrievedJuly 17, 2014.
  26. ^Bloom, Ken; Vlastnik, Frank; Lithgow, John (2007).Sitcoms: The 101 Greatest TV Comedies of All Time. Black Dog Publishing;ISBN 1-57912-752-5, pp. 136–37
  27. ^Evans, Bradford."Here’s Elaine Stritch Yelling at Her Pool Boy David Letterman in a Classic Clip"Vulture, July 17, 2014, retrieved February 19, 2022
  28. ^abWillistein, Paul."Stage Star Elaine Stritch Wrapped Up In A New Career", mcall.com, December 3, 1988.
  29. ^"'Three Violent People' Listing" Internet Movie Database, accessed May 21, 2012
  30. ^Crowther, Bosley."Review.A Farewell to Arms (1957)",The New York Times, January 25, 1958
  31. ^Anderson, Melissa."'Who Killed Teddy Bear', A Fascinating Chronicle of Wagner-era Times Square"Village Voice, January 19, 2010
  32. ^Pfeiffer, Lee."Review" cinemaretro.com, accessed May 21, 2012
  33. ^Canby, Vincent."Movie Review 'Providence' (1977). Movie House, Yes, The Movie, No:Fake FeathersThe New York Times, January 26, 1977.
  34. ^Stark, John."Alone in the September of Her Years, Elaine Stritch Beats Booze to Score a Comeback in a Woody Allen Drama"People, January 11, 1988
  35. ^Reed, Rex. "Small-Time Woody, Expert Tracey",New York Observer, May 22, 2000, ARTS&ENTERTAINMENT; On The Town With Rex Reed
  36. ^"Martha Coolidge Biography"Archived July 12, 2012, atarchive.today officialmarthacoolidge.com, accessed May 21, 2012
  37. ^Holden, Stephen."Film Review; May–December Romance? Or Simply Hot and Cold?"The New York Times, August 12, 2000, retrieved February 28, 2017
  38. ^Leydon, Joe." 'Screwed' Review"Variety, May 15, 2000, retrieved February 28, 2017
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