| Part ofa series on the |
| Pearl of Great Price |
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 Facsimile 2 from theBook of Abraham |
InLatter-day Saint theology,Egyptus (/iːˈdʒɪptʌs/) is the name of two women in theBook of Abraham in thePearl of Great Price.[1] One is the wife ofHam, son of Noah, who bears his children. The other is their daughter, who discoveredEgypt while "it was under water" (1:23-24).Three 1835 pre-publication manuscripts of the Book of Abraham, in place of "Egyptus", readZeptah for the elder Egyptus andEgyptes for the younger Egyptus.[2][3][4]
The younger Egyptus places her eldest son on the throne asPharaoh, the first king of Egypt (1:25). Pharaoh was a descendant of the Canaanites (1:22), a race of people who had a black skin come upon them (Moses 7:8). Some early Mormon leaders have taught that Egyptus passed black skin and the curse of Cain through the flood so that the devil might have representation upon the earth,[5] although this has now been repudiated by later leaders.
The word Egyptus is considered to be ananachronism in theBook of Abraham among non-Mormon Egyptologists and historians,[6] since the origin of term "Egypt" is believed to have come from another source much later in history from the time of the narrative described in the Book of Abraham. The word "pharaoh" is also considered to be an anachronism in theBook of Abraham for similar reasons.
W. W. Phelps, a counselor in the presidency of the church, was the first in the church to teach that Ham's wife was black because she was under the curse of Cain. In 1835, he taught that Ham himself was cursed because he had married a black wife.Brigham Young also taught that Egyptus was under the curse of Cain and passed the curse through the flood. In April 1836, within months of translating the Book of Abraham verses,Joseph Smith himself taught in reference toGenesis 9:25–27, "it remains as a lasting monument of the decree of Jehovah, to the shame and confusion of all who have cried out against the South, in consequence of their holding the sons of Ham in servitude!".[7] John Taylor explained that it was necessary that the curse of Cain was passed through Egyptus so that "the devil should have a representation upon the earth as well as God".[5]
Like many Americans,[8] manyMormons of the 19th century accepted the idea promoted in slavery states that black Africans had Cain's "mark" of black skin,[9] and Ham's curse to be servants of servants.[10] These ideas were eventually abandoned by later church leaders as unsupported by scripture.
